Human Waste Substitute Strategies Enhanced Crop Yield, Crop Quality, and Soil Fertility in Vegetable Cultivation Soils in North China

Replacing chemical fertilizers with human waste for vegetable planting is a traditional, economical, and environmentally friendly waste resource utilization strategy. However, whether the human waste substitute strategy can improve soil fertility and increase crop yield and quality compared to the s...

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Autores principales:	Bo Liu, Bo Yang, Chunxue Zhang, Xiaocheng Wei, Haoyu Cao, Xiangqun Zheng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	human waste substitute strategies water spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i> Forssk.) soil fertility soil enzyme Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2dcc6526939d49beb66522a68e94ae38
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2dcc6526939d49beb66522a68e94ae382021-11-25T16:07:48ZHuman Waste Substitute Strategies Enhanced Crop Yield, Crop Quality, and Soil Fertility in Vegetable Cultivation Soils in North China10.3390/agronomy111122322073-4395https://doaj.org/article/2dcc6526939d49beb66522a68e94ae382021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2232https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395Replacing chemical fertilizers with human waste for vegetable planting is a traditional, economical, and environmentally friendly waste resource utilization strategy. However, whether the human waste substitute strategy can improve soil fertility and increase crop yield and quality compared to the simple application of chemical fertilizers is still unclear, especially under acidic and alkaline soil conditions. In this study, we studied the effects of different ratios of human waste (urine and feces) to chemical fertilizer on the crop yield, crop quality, soil fertility, and soil chemical parameters in alkaline Cambisols and acidic Alisols cultivated with water spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i> Forssk.). The application variants of human waste and chemical fertilizer were as follows: (i) Control, no fertilization (CK), (ii) human waste application (HW), (iii) chemical fertilizer application (CF), (iv) 1/3 human waste to chemical fertilizer (P1), and (v) 2/3 human waste to chemical fertilizer (P2). Human waste application increased the total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, and conductivity in soil, enhanced soil enzyme activity, slowed down soil acidification, and increased the yield, soluble sugar, and vitamin C contents of the water spinach while reducing its nitrate content. Our findings indicate that human waste substitution improved soil fertility while reducing the potential risks of soil acidification, salinization, and human exposure to nitrates. These findings may be applied to increase vegetable production and quality, improve the soil environment, and increase the utilization of human waste as a valuable resource.Bo LiuBo YangChunxue ZhangXiaocheng WeiHaoyu CaoXiangqun ZhengMDPI AGarticlehuman waste substitute strategieswater spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i> Forssk.)soil fertilitysoil enzymeAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2232, p 2232 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	human waste substitute strategies water spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i> Forssk.) soil fertility soil enzyme Agriculture S
spellingShingle	human waste substitute strategies water spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i> Forssk.) soil fertility soil enzyme Agriculture S Bo Liu Bo Yang Chunxue Zhang Xiaocheng Wei Haoyu Cao Xiangqun Zheng Human Waste Substitute Strategies Enhanced Crop Yield, Crop Quality, and Soil Fertility in Vegetable Cultivation Soils in North China
description	Replacing chemical fertilizers with human waste for vegetable planting is a traditional, economical, and environmentally friendly waste resource utilization strategy. However, whether the human waste substitute strategy can improve soil fertility and increase crop yield and quality compared to the simple application of chemical fertilizers is still unclear, especially under acidic and alkaline soil conditions. In this study, we studied the effects of different ratios of human waste (urine and feces) to chemical fertilizer on the crop yield, crop quality, soil fertility, and soil chemical parameters in alkaline Cambisols and acidic Alisols cultivated with water spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i> Forssk.). The application variants of human waste and chemical fertilizer were as follows: (i) Control, no fertilization (CK), (ii) human waste application (HW), (iii) chemical fertilizer application (CF), (iv) 1/3 human waste to chemical fertilizer (P1), and (v) 2/3 human waste to chemical fertilizer (P2). Human waste application increased the total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, and conductivity in soil, enhanced soil enzyme activity, slowed down soil acidification, and increased the yield, soluble sugar, and vitamin C contents of the water spinach while reducing its nitrate content. Our findings indicate that human waste substitution improved soil fertility while reducing the potential risks of soil acidification, salinization, and human exposure to nitrates. These findings may be applied to increase vegetable production and quality, improve the soil environment, and increase the utilization of human waste as a valuable resource.
format	article
author	Bo Liu Bo Yang Chunxue Zhang Xiaocheng Wei Haoyu Cao Xiangqun Zheng
author_facet	Bo Liu Bo Yang Chunxue Zhang Xiaocheng Wei Haoyu Cao Xiangqun Zheng
author_sort	Bo Liu
title	Human Waste Substitute Strategies Enhanced Crop Yield, Crop Quality, and Soil Fertility in Vegetable Cultivation Soils in North China
title_short	Human Waste Substitute Strategies Enhanced Crop Yield, Crop Quality, and Soil Fertility in Vegetable Cultivation Soils in North China
title_full	Human Waste Substitute Strategies Enhanced Crop Yield, Crop Quality, and Soil Fertility in Vegetable Cultivation Soils in North China
title_fullStr	Human Waste Substitute Strategies Enhanced Crop Yield, Crop Quality, and Soil Fertility in Vegetable Cultivation Soils in North China
title_full_unstemmed	Human Waste Substitute Strategies Enhanced Crop Yield, Crop Quality, and Soil Fertility in Vegetable Cultivation Soils in North China
title_sort	human waste substitute strategies enhanced crop yield, crop quality, and soil fertility in vegetable cultivation soils in north china
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2dcc6526939d49beb66522a68e94ae38
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Human Waste Substitute Strategies Enhanced Crop Yield, Crop Quality, and Soil Fertility in Vegetable Cultivation Soils in North China

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