Basking shark sub-surface behaviour revealed by animal-towed cameras.

While biologging tags have answered a wealth of ecological questions, the drivers and consequences of movement and activity often remain difficult to ascertain, particularly marine vertebrates which are difficult to observe directly. Basking sharks, the second largest shark species in the world, agg...

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Autores principales:	Jessica L Rudd, Tiago Bartolomeu, Haley R Dolton, Owen M Exeter, Christopher Kerry, Lucy A Hawkes, Suzanne M Henderson, Marcus Shirley, Matthew J Witt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2dd2e75fea4b431caf5ea002b589aa6d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2dd2e75fea4b431caf5ea002b589aa6d2021-12-02T20:04:48ZBasking shark sub-surface behaviour revealed by animal-towed cameras.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0253388https://doaj.org/article/2dd2e75fea4b431caf5ea002b589aa6d2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253388https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203While biologging tags have answered a wealth of ecological questions, the drivers and consequences of movement and activity often remain difficult to ascertain, particularly marine vertebrates which are difficult to observe directly. Basking sharks, the second largest shark species in the world, aggregate in the summer in key foraging sites but despite advances in biologging technologies, little is known about their breeding ecology and sub-surface behaviour. Advances in camera technologies holds potential for filling in these knowledge gaps by providing environmental context and validating behaviours recorded with conventional telemetry. Six basking sharks were tagged at their feeding site in the Sea of Hebrides, Scotland, with towed cameras combined with time-depth recorders and satellite telemetry. Cameras recorded a cumulative 123 hours of video data over an average 64-hour deployment and confirmed the position of the sharks within the water column. Feeding events only occurred within a metre depth and made up ¾ of the time spent swimming near the surface. Sharks maintained similar tail beat frequencies regardless of whether feeding, swimming near the surface or the seabed, where they spent surprisingly up to 88% of daylight hours. This study reported the first complete breaching event and the first sub-surface putative courtship display, with nose-to-tail chasing, parallel swimming as well as the first observation of grouping behaviour near the seabed. Social groups of sharks are thought to be very short term and sporadic, and may play a role in finding breeding partners, particularly in solitary sharks which may use aggregations as an opportunity to breed. In situ observation of basking sharks at their seasonal aggregation site through animal borne cameras revealed unprecedented insight into the social and environmental context of basking shark behaviour which were previously limited to surface observations.Jessica L RuddTiago BartolomeuHaley R DoltonOwen M ExeterChristopher KerryLucy A HawkesSuzanne M HendersonMarcus ShirleyMatthew J WittPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0253388 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jessica L Rudd Tiago Bartolomeu Haley R Dolton Owen M Exeter Christopher Kerry Lucy A Hawkes Suzanne M Henderson Marcus Shirley Matthew J Witt Basking shark sub-surface behaviour revealed by animal-towed cameras.
description	While biologging tags have answered a wealth of ecological questions, the drivers and consequences of movement and activity often remain difficult to ascertain, particularly marine vertebrates which are difficult to observe directly. Basking sharks, the second largest shark species in the world, aggregate in the summer in key foraging sites but despite advances in biologging technologies, little is known about their breeding ecology and sub-surface behaviour. Advances in camera technologies holds potential for filling in these knowledge gaps by providing environmental context and validating behaviours recorded with conventional telemetry. Six basking sharks were tagged at their feeding site in the Sea of Hebrides, Scotland, with towed cameras combined with time-depth recorders and satellite telemetry. Cameras recorded a cumulative 123 hours of video data over an average 64-hour deployment and confirmed the position of the sharks within the water column. Feeding events only occurred within a metre depth and made up ¾ of the time spent swimming near the surface. Sharks maintained similar tail beat frequencies regardless of whether feeding, swimming near the surface or the seabed, where they spent surprisingly up to 88% of daylight hours. This study reported the first complete breaching event and the first sub-surface putative courtship display, with nose-to-tail chasing, parallel swimming as well as the first observation of grouping behaviour near the seabed. Social groups of sharks are thought to be very short term and sporadic, and may play a role in finding breeding partners, particularly in solitary sharks which may use aggregations as an opportunity to breed. In situ observation of basking sharks at their seasonal aggregation site through animal borne cameras revealed unprecedented insight into the social and environmental context of basking shark behaviour which were previously limited to surface observations.
format	article
author	Jessica L Rudd Tiago Bartolomeu Haley R Dolton Owen M Exeter Christopher Kerry Lucy A Hawkes Suzanne M Henderson Marcus Shirley Matthew J Witt
author_facet	Jessica L Rudd Tiago Bartolomeu Haley R Dolton Owen M Exeter Christopher Kerry Lucy A Hawkes Suzanne M Henderson Marcus Shirley Matthew J Witt
author_sort	Jessica L Rudd
title	Basking shark sub-surface behaviour revealed by animal-towed cameras.
title_short	Basking shark sub-surface behaviour revealed by animal-towed cameras.
title_full	Basking shark sub-surface behaviour revealed by animal-towed cameras.
title_fullStr	Basking shark sub-surface behaviour revealed by animal-towed cameras.
title_full_unstemmed	Basking shark sub-surface behaviour revealed by animal-towed cameras.
title_sort	basking shark sub-surface behaviour revealed by animal-towed cameras.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2dd2e75fea4b431caf5ea002b589aa6d
work_keys_str_mv	AT jessicalrudd baskingsharksubsurfacebehaviourrevealedbyanimaltowedcameras AT tiagobartolomeu baskingsharksubsurfacebehaviourrevealedbyanimaltowedcameras AT haleyrdolton baskingsharksubsurfacebehaviourrevealedbyanimaltowedcameras AT owenmexeter baskingsharksubsurfacebehaviourrevealedbyanimaltowedcameras AT christopherkerry baskingsharksubsurfacebehaviourrevealedbyanimaltowedcameras AT lucyahawkes baskingsharksubsurfacebehaviourrevealedbyanimaltowedcameras AT suzannemhenderson baskingsharksubsurfacebehaviourrevealedbyanimaltowedcameras AT marcusshirley baskingsharksubsurfacebehaviourrevealedbyanimaltowedcameras AT matthewjwitt baskingsharksubsurfacebehaviourrevealedbyanimaltowedcameras
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Basking shark sub-surface behaviour revealed by animal-towed cameras.

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