Halophilic archaea cultivated from surface sterilized middle-late eocene rock salt are polyploid.

Live bacteria and archaea have been isolated from several rock salt deposits of up to hundreds of millions of years of age from all around the world. A key factor affecting their longevity is the ability to keep their genomic DNA intact, for which efficient repair mechanisms are needed. Polyploid mi...

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Autores principales:	Salla T Jaakkola, Karolin Zerulla, Qinggong Guo, Ying Liu, Hongling Ma, Chunhe Yang, Dennis H Bamford, Xiangdong Chen, Jörg Soppa, Hanna M Oksanen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2dd88e65d0c34c3f8cf6a1dfca56ef13
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2dd88e65d0c34c3f8cf6a1dfca56ef132021-11-25T05:55:32ZHalophilic archaea cultivated from surface sterilized middle-late eocene rock salt are polyploid.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0110533https://doaj.org/article/2dd88e65d0c34c3f8cf6a1dfca56ef132014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110533https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Live bacteria and archaea have been isolated from several rock salt deposits of up to hundreds of millions of years of age from all around the world. A key factor affecting their longevity is the ability to keep their genomic DNA intact, for which efficient repair mechanisms are needed. Polyploid microbes are known to have an increased resistance towards mutations and DNA damage, and it has been suggested that microbes from deeply buried rock salt would carry several copies of their genomes. Here, cultivable halophilic microbes were isolated from a surface sterilized middle-late Eocene (38-41 million years ago) rock salt sample, drilled from the depth of 800 m at Yunying salt mine, China. Eight unique isolates were obtained, which represented two haloarchaeal genera, Halobacterium and Halolamina. We used real-time PCR to show that our isolates are polyploid, with genome copy numbers of 11-14 genomes per cell in exponential growth phase. The ploidy level was slightly downregulated in stationary growth phase, but the cells still had an average genome copy number of 6-8. The polyploidy of halophilic archaea living in ancient rock salt might be a factor explaining how these organisms are able to overcome the challenge of prolonged survival during their entombment.Salla T JaakkolaKarolin ZerullaQinggong GuoYing LiuHongling MaChunhe YangDennis H BamfordXiangdong ChenJörg SoppaHanna M OksanenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 10, p e110533 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Salla T Jaakkola Karolin Zerulla Qinggong Guo Ying Liu Hongling Ma Chunhe Yang Dennis H Bamford Xiangdong Chen Jörg Soppa Hanna M Oksanen Halophilic archaea cultivated from surface sterilized middle-late eocene rock salt are polyploid.
description	Live bacteria and archaea have been isolated from several rock salt deposits of up to hundreds of millions of years of age from all around the world. A key factor affecting their longevity is the ability to keep their genomic DNA intact, for which efficient repair mechanisms are needed. Polyploid microbes are known to have an increased resistance towards mutations and DNA damage, and it has been suggested that microbes from deeply buried rock salt would carry several copies of their genomes. Here, cultivable halophilic microbes were isolated from a surface sterilized middle-late Eocene (38-41 million years ago) rock salt sample, drilled from the depth of 800 m at Yunying salt mine, China. Eight unique isolates were obtained, which represented two haloarchaeal genera, Halobacterium and Halolamina. We used real-time PCR to show that our isolates are polyploid, with genome copy numbers of 11-14 genomes per cell in exponential growth phase. The ploidy level was slightly downregulated in stationary growth phase, but the cells still had an average genome copy number of 6-8. The polyploidy of halophilic archaea living in ancient rock salt might be a factor explaining how these organisms are able to overcome the challenge of prolonged survival during their entombment.
format	article
author	Salla T Jaakkola Karolin Zerulla Qinggong Guo Ying Liu Hongling Ma Chunhe Yang Dennis H Bamford Xiangdong Chen Jörg Soppa Hanna M Oksanen
author_facet	Salla T Jaakkola Karolin Zerulla Qinggong Guo Ying Liu Hongling Ma Chunhe Yang Dennis H Bamford Xiangdong Chen Jörg Soppa Hanna M Oksanen
author_sort	Salla T Jaakkola
title	Halophilic archaea cultivated from surface sterilized middle-late eocene rock salt are polyploid.
title_short	Halophilic archaea cultivated from surface sterilized middle-late eocene rock salt are polyploid.
title_full	Halophilic archaea cultivated from surface sterilized middle-late eocene rock salt are polyploid.
title_fullStr	Halophilic archaea cultivated from surface sterilized middle-late eocene rock salt are polyploid.
title_full_unstemmed	Halophilic archaea cultivated from surface sterilized middle-late eocene rock salt are polyploid.
title_sort	halophilic archaea cultivated from surface sterilized middle-late eocene rock salt are polyploid.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/2dd88e65d0c34c3f8cf6a1dfca56ef13
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Halophilic archaea cultivated from surface sterilized middle-late eocene rock salt are polyploid.

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