Geopolymers as Sustainable Material for Strengthening and Restoring Unreinforced Masonry Structures: A Review

Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures are vulnerable to earthquakes; thus, materials and techniques for their strengthening and restoration should be developed. However, the materials used in some of the existing retrofitting technologies for URM and the waste produced at its end-of-life are unsusta...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Anabel B. Abulencia, Ma. Beatrice D. Villoria, Roneh Glenn D. Libre, Pauline Rose J. Quiatchon, Ithan Jessemar R. Dollente, Ernesto J. Guades, Michael Angelo B. Promentilla, Lessandro Estelito O. Garciano, Jason Maximino C. Ongpeng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ordinary Portland cement geopolymer engineering cementitious composites unreinforced masonry strengthening restoration Building construction TH1-9745
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2df312429e884756a9e1807f8ffd545d
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:2df312429e884756a9e1807f8ffd545d
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2df312429e884756a9e1807f8ffd545d2021-11-25T16:59:54ZGeopolymers as Sustainable Material for Strengthening and Restoring Unreinforced Masonry Structures: A Review10.3390/buildings111105322075-5309https://doaj.org/article/2df312429e884756a9e1807f8ffd545d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/11/11/532https://doaj.org/toc/2075-5309Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures are vulnerable to earthquakes; thus, materials and techniques for their strengthening and restoration should be developed. However, the materials used in some of the existing retrofitting technologies for URM and the waste produced at its end-of-life are unsustainable. The production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) worldwide has enormously contributed to the global carbon footprint, resulting in persistent environmental problems. Replacing OPC with geopolymers, which are more sustainable and environmentally friendly, presents a potential solution to these problems. Geopolymers can replace the OPC component in engineering cementitious composites (ECC), recommended to strengthen and restore URM structures. In the present paper, the state-of-the-art knowledge development on applying geopolymers in URM structures is discussed. The discussion is focused on geopolymers and their components, material characterization, geopolymers as a strengthening and restoration material, and fiber-reinforced geopolymers and their application to URM structures. Based on this review, it was found that the mechanical properties of geopolymers are on par with that of OPC; however, there are few studies on the mentioned applications of geopolymers. The characterization of geopolymers’ mechanical and physical properties as a restoration material for URM structures is still limited. Therefore, other properties such as chemical interaction with the substrate, workability, thixotropic behavior, and aesthetic features of geopolymers need to be investigated for its wide application. The application method of geopolymer-based ECC as a strengthening material for a URM structure is by grouting injection. It is also worth recommending that other application techniques such as deep repointing, jacketing, and cement-plastering be explored.Anabel B. AbulenciaMa. Beatrice D. VilloriaRoneh Glenn D. LibrePauline Rose J. QuiatchonIthan Jessemar R. DollenteErnesto J. GuadesMichael Angelo B. PromentillaLessandro Estelito O. GarcianoJason Maximino C. OngpengMDPI AGarticleordinary Portland cementgeopolymerengineering cementitious compositesunreinforced masonrystrengtheningrestorationBuilding constructionTH1-9745ENBuildings, Vol 11, Iss 532, p 532 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ordinary Portland cement geopolymer engineering cementitious composites unreinforced masonry strengthening restoration Building construction TH1-9745
spellingShingle	ordinary Portland cement geopolymer engineering cementitious composites unreinforced masonry strengthening restoration Building construction TH1-9745 Anabel B. Abulencia Ma. Beatrice D. Villoria Roneh Glenn D. Libre Pauline Rose J. Quiatchon Ithan Jessemar R. Dollente Ernesto J. Guades Michael Angelo B. Promentilla Lessandro Estelito O. Garciano Jason Maximino C. Ongpeng Geopolymers as Sustainable Material for Strengthening and Restoring Unreinforced Masonry Structures: A Review
description	Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures are vulnerable to earthquakes; thus, materials and techniques for their strengthening and restoration should be developed. However, the materials used in some of the existing retrofitting technologies for URM and the waste produced at its end-of-life are unsustainable. The production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) worldwide has enormously contributed to the global carbon footprint, resulting in persistent environmental problems. Replacing OPC with geopolymers, which are more sustainable and environmentally friendly, presents a potential solution to these problems. Geopolymers can replace the OPC component in engineering cementitious composites (ECC), recommended to strengthen and restore URM structures. In the present paper, the state-of-the-art knowledge development on applying geopolymers in URM structures is discussed. The discussion is focused on geopolymers and their components, material characterization, geopolymers as a strengthening and restoration material, and fiber-reinforced geopolymers and their application to URM structures. Based on this review, it was found that the mechanical properties of geopolymers are on par with that of OPC; however, there are few studies on the mentioned applications of geopolymers. The characterization of geopolymers’ mechanical and physical properties as a restoration material for URM structures is still limited. Therefore, other properties such as chemical interaction with the substrate, workability, thixotropic behavior, and aesthetic features of geopolymers need to be investigated for its wide application. The application method of geopolymer-based ECC as a strengthening material for a URM structure is by grouting injection. It is also worth recommending that other application techniques such as deep repointing, jacketing, and cement-plastering be explored.
format	article
author	Anabel B. Abulencia Ma. Beatrice D. Villoria Roneh Glenn D. Libre Pauline Rose J. Quiatchon Ithan Jessemar R. Dollente Ernesto J. Guades Michael Angelo B. Promentilla Lessandro Estelito O. Garciano Jason Maximino C. Ongpeng
author_facet	Anabel B. Abulencia Ma. Beatrice D. Villoria Roneh Glenn D. Libre Pauline Rose J. Quiatchon Ithan Jessemar R. Dollente Ernesto J. Guades Michael Angelo B. Promentilla Lessandro Estelito O. Garciano Jason Maximino C. Ongpeng
author_sort	Anabel B. Abulencia
title	Geopolymers as Sustainable Material for Strengthening and Restoring Unreinforced Masonry Structures: A Review
title_short	Geopolymers as Sustainable Material for Strengthening and Restoring Unreinforced Masonry Structures: A Review
title_full	Geopolymers as Sustainable Material for Strengthening and Restoring Unreinforced Masonry Structures: A Review
title_fullStr	Geopolymers as Sustainable Material for Strengthening and Restoring Unreinforced Masonry Structures: A Review
title_full_unstemmed	Geopolymers as Sustainable Material for Strengthening and Restoring Unreinforced Masonry Structures: A Review
title_sort	geopolymers as sustainable material for strengthening and restoring unreinforced masonry structures: a review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2df312429e884756a9e1807f8ffd545d
work_keys_str_mv	AT anabelbabulencia geopolymersassustainablematerialforstrengtheningandrestoringunreinforcedmasonrystructuresareview AT mabeatricedvilloria geopolymersassustainablematerialforstrengtheningandrestoringunreinforcedmasonrystructuresareview AT ronehglenndlibre geopolymersassustainablematerialforstrengtheningandrestoringunreinforcedmasonrystructuresareview AT paulinerosejquiatchon geopolymersassustainablematerialforstrengtheningandrestoringunreinforcedmasonrystructuresareview AT ithanjessemarrdollente geopolymersassustainablematerialforstrengtheningandrestoringunreinforcedmasonrystructuresareview AT ernestojguades geopolymersassustainablematerialforstrengtheningandrestoringunreinforcedmasonrystructuresareview AT michaelangelobpromentilla geopolymersassustainablematerialforstrengtheningandrestoringunreinforcedmasonrystructuresareview AT lessandroestelitoogarciano geopolymersassustainablematerialforstrengtheningandrestoringunreinforcedmasonrystructuresareview AT jasonmaximinocongpeng geopolymersassustainablematerialforstrengtheningandrestoringunreinforcedmasonrystructuresareview
_version_	1718412766777180160

Geopolymers as Sustainable Material for Strengthening and Restoring Unreinforced Masonry Structures: A Review

Ejemplares similares