Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease

The developing and adult brain is a target organ for the vast majority of hormones produced by the body, which are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and bind to their specific receptors on neurons and glial cells. Hormones ensure proper communication between the brain and the body by activating...

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Autores principales:	Katarzyna Głombik, Jan Detka, Bogusława Budziszewska
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation hormones brain Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2df42c7232ad44ceb704b18dbdc7cd5b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2df42c7232ad44ceb704b18dbdc7cd5b2021-11-25T17:09:20ZHormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease10.3390/cells101129372073-4409https://doaj.org/article/2df42c7232ad44ceb704b18dbdc7cd5b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2937https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409The developing and adult brain is a target organ for the vast majority of hormones produced by the body, which are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and bind to their specific receptors on neurons and glial cells. Hormones ensure proper communication between the brain and the body by activating adaptive mechanisms necessary to withstand and react to changes in internal and external conditions by regulating neuronal and synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and metabolic activity of the brain. The influence of hormones on energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in the brain has gained much attention since mitochondrial dysfunctions are observed in many different pathological conditions of the central nervous system. Moreover, excess or deficiency of hormones is associated with cell damage and loss of function in mitochondria. This review aims to expound on the impact of hormones (GLP-1, insulin, thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids) on metabolic processes in the brain with special emphasis on oxidative phosphorylation dysregulation, which may contribute to the formation of pathological changes. Since the brain concentrations of sex hormones and neurosteroids decrease with age as well as in neurodegenerative diseases, in parallel with the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction and the weakening of cognitive functions, their beneficial effects on oxidative phosphorylation and expression of antioxidant enzymes are also discussed.Katarzyna GłombikJan DetkaBogusława BudziszewskaMDPI AGarticlemitochondriaoxidative phosphorylationhormonesbrainBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 2937, p 2937 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation hormones brain Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation hormones brain Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Katarzyna Głombik Jan Detka Bogusława Budziszewska Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease
description	The developing and adult brain is a target organ for the vast majority of hormones produced by the body, which are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and bind to their specific receptors on neurons and glial cells. Hormones ensure proper communication between the brain and the body by activating adaptive mechanisms necessary to withstand and react to changes in internal and external conditions by regulating neuronal and synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and metabolic activity of the brain. The influence of hormones on energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in the brain has gained much attention since mitochondrial dysfunctions are observed in many different pathological conditions of the central nervous system. Moreover, excess or deficiency of hormones is associated with cell damage and loss of function in mitochondria. This review aims to expound on the impact of hormones (GLP-1, insulin, thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids) on metabolic processes in the brain with special emphasis on oxidative phosphorylation dysregulation, which may contribute to the formation of pathological changes. Since the brain concentrations of sex hormones and neurosteroids decrease with age as well as in neurodegenerative diseases, in parallel with the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction and the weakening of cognitive functions, their beneficial effects on oxidative phosphorylation and expression of antioxidant enzymes are also discussed.
format	article
author	Katarzyna Głombik Jan Detka Bogusława Budziszewska
author_facet	Katarzyna Głombik Jan Detka Bogusława Budziszewska
author_sort	Katarzyna Głombik
title	Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease
title_short	Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease
title_full	Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease
title_fullStr	Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease
title_full_unstemmed	Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease
title_sort	hormonal regulation of oxidative phosphorylation in the brain in health and disease
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2df42c7232ad44ceb704b18dbdc7cd5b
work_keys_str_mv	AT katarzynagłombik hormonalregulationofoxidativephosphorylationinthebraininhealthanddisease AT jandetka hormonalregulationofoxidativephosphorylationinthebraininhealthanddisease AT bogusławabudziszewska hormonalregulationofoxidativephosphorylationinthebraininhealthanddisease
_version_	1718412638496489472

Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease

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