Methane Seep Carbonates Host Distinct, Diverse, and Dynamic Microbial Assemblages

ABSTRACT Marine methane seeps are globally distributed geologic features in which reduced fluids, including methane, are advected upward from the subsurface. As a result of alkalinity generation during sulfate-coupled methane oxidation, authigenic carbonates form slabs, nodules, and extensive paveme...

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Autores principales:	David H. Case, Alexis L. Pasulka, Jeffrey J. Marlow, Benjamin M. Grupe, Lisa A. Levin, Victoria J. Orphan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2015
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2df9ec3bed03483285736c0216190ff1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2df9ec3bed03483285736c0216190ff12021-11-15T15:41:23ZMethane Seep Carbonates Host Distinct, Diverse, and Dynamic Microbial Assemblages10.1128/mBio.01348-152150-7511https://doaj.org/article/2df9ec3bed03483285736c0216190ff12015-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01348-15https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Marine methane seeps are globally distributed geologic features in which reduced fluids, including methane, are advected upward from the subsurface. As a result of alkalinity generation during sulfate-coupled methane oxidation, authigenic carbonates form slabs, nodules, and extensive pavements. These carbonates shape the landscape within methane seeps, persist long after methane flux is diminished, and in some cases are incorporated into the geologic record. In this study, microbial assemblages from 134 native and experimental samples across 5,500 km, representing a range of habitat substrates (carbonate nodules and slabs, sediment, bottom water, and wood) and seepage conditions (active and low activity), were analyzed to address two fundamental questions of seep microbial ecology: (i) whether carbonates host distinct microbial assemblages and (ii) how sensitive microbial assemblages are to habitat substrate type and temporal shifts in methane seepage flux. Through massively parallel 16S rRNA gene sequencing and statistical analysis, native carbonates are shown to be reservoirs of distinct and highly diverse seep microbial assemblages. Unique coupled transplantation and colonization experiments on the seafloor demonstrated that carbonate-associated microbial assemblages are resilient to seep quiescence and reactive to seep activation over 13 months. Various rates of response to simulated seep quiescence and activation are observed among similar phylogenies (e.g., Chloroflexi operational taxonomic units) and similar metabolisms (e.g., putative S oxidizers), demonstrating the wide range of microbial sensitivity to changes in seepage flux. These results imply that carbonates do not passively record a time-integrated history of seep microorganisms but rather host distinct, diverse, and dynamic microbial assemblages. IMPORTANCE Since their discovery in 1984, the global distribution and importance of marine methane seeps have become increasingly clear. Much of our understanding of methane seep microorganisms—from metabolisms to community ecology—has stemmed from detailed studies of seep sediments. However, it has become apparent that carbonates represent a volumetrically significant habitat substrate at methane seeps. Through combined in situ characterization and incubation experiments, this study demonstrates that carbonates host microbial assemblages distinct from and more diverse than those of other seep habitats. This emphasizes the importance of seep carbonates as biodiversity locales. Furthermore, we demonstrate that carbonate-associated microbial assemblages are well adapted to withstand fluctuations in methane seepage, and we gain novel insight into particular taxa that are responsive (or recalcitrant) to changes in seep conditions.David H. CaseAlexis L. PasulkaJeffrey J. MarlowBenjamin M. GrupeLisa A. LevinVictoria J. OrphanAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 6, Iss 6 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 David H. Case Alexis L. Pasulka Jeffrey J. Marlow Benjamin M. Grupe Lisa A. Levin Victoria J. Orphan Methane Seep Carbonates Host Distinct, Diverse, and Dynamic Microbial Assemblages
description	ABSTRACT Marine methane seeps are globally distributed geologic features in which reduced fluids, including methane, are advected upward from the subsurface. As a result of alkalinity generation during sulfate-coupled methane oxidation, authigenic carbonates form slabs, nodules, and extensive pavements. These carbonates shape the landscape within methane seeps, persist long after methane flux is diminished, and in some cases are incorporated into the geologic record. In this study, microbial assemblages from 134 native and experimental samples across 5,500 km, representing a range of habitat substrates (carbonate nodules and slabs, sediment, bottom water, and wood) and seepage conditions (active and low activity), were analyzed to address two fundamental questions of seep microbial ecology: (i) whether carbonates host distinct microbial assemblages and (ii) how sensitive microbial assemblages are to habitat substrate type and temporal shifts in methane seepage flux. Through massively parallel 16S rRNA gene sequencing and statistical analysis, native carbonates are shown to be reservoirs of distinct and highly diverse seep microbial assemblages. Unique coupled transplantation and colonization experiments on the seafloor demonstrated that carbonate-associated microbial assemblages are resilient to seep quiescence and reactive to seep activation over 13 months. Various rates of response to simulated seep quiescence and activation are observed among similar phylogenies (e.g., Chloroflexi operational taxonomic units) and similar metabolisms (e.g., putative S oxidizers), demonstrating the wide range of microbial sensitivity to changes in seepage flux. These results imply that carbonates do not passively record a time-integrated history of seep microorganisms but rather host distinct, diverse, and dynamic microbial assemblages. IMPORTANCE Since their discovery in 1984, the global distribution and importance of marine methane seeps have become increasingly clear. Much of our understanding of methane seep microorganisms—from metabolisms to community ecology—has stemmed from detailed studies of seep sediments. However, it has become apparent that carbonates represent a volumetrically significant habitat substrate at methane seeps. Through combined in situ characterization and incubation experiments, this study demonstrates that carbonates host microbial assemblages distinct from and more diverse than those of other seep habitats. This emphasizes the importance of seep carbonates as biodiversity locales. Furthermore, we demonstrate that carbonate-associated microbial assemblages are well adapted to withstand fluctuations in methane seepage, and we gain novel insight into particular taxa that are responsive (or recalcitrant) to changes in seep conditions.
format	article
author	David H. Case Alexis L. Pasulka Jeffrey J. Marlow Benjamin M. Grupe Lisa A. Levin Victoria J. Orphan
author_facet	David H. Case Alexis L. Pasulka Jeffrey J. Marlow Benjamin M. Grupe Lisa A. Levin Victoria J. Orphan
author_sort	David H. Case
title	Methane Seep Carbonates Host Distinct, Diverse, and Dynamic Microbial Assemblages
title_short	Methane Seep Carbonates Host Distinct, Diverse, and Dynamic Microbial Assemblages
title_full	Methane Seep Carbonates Host Distinct, Diverse, and Dynamic Microbial Assemblages
title_fullStr	Methane Seep Carbonates Host Distinct, Diverse, and Dynamic Microbial Assemblages
title_full_unstemmed	Methane Seep Carbonates Host Distinct, Diverse, and Dynamic Microbial Assemblages
title_sort	methane seep carbonates host distinct, diverse, and dynamic microbial assemblages
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/2df9ec3bed03483285736c0216190ff1
work_keys_str_mv	AT davidhcase methaneseepcarbonateshostdistinctdiverseanddynamicmicrobialassemblages AT alexislpasulka methaneseepcarbonateshostdistinctdiverseanddynamicmicrobialassemblages AT jeffreyjmarlow methaneseepcarbonateshostdistinctdiverseanddynamicmicrobialassemblages AT benjaminmgrupe methaneseepcarbonateshostdistinctdiverseanddynamicmicrobialassemblages AT lisaalevin methaneseepcarbonateshostdistinctdiverseanddynamicmicrobialassemblages AT victoriajorphan methaneseepcarbonateshostdistinctdiverseanddynamicmicrobialassemblages
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Methane Seep Carbonates Host Distinct, Diverse, and Dynamic Microbial Assemblages

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