Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon

Floodplains represent critical nursery habitats for a variety of fish species due to their highly productive food webs, yet few tools exist to quantify the extent to which these habitats contribute to ecosystem-level production. Here we conducted a large-scale field experiment to characterize differ...

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Autores principales:	Miranda Bell-Tilcock, Carson A. Jeffres, Andrew L. Rypel, Malte Willmes, Richard A. Armstrong, Peter Holden, Peter B. Moyle, Nann A. Fangue, Jacob V. E. Katz, Ted R. Sommer, J. Louise Conrad, Rachel C. Johnson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2e0b95345f47453f9e387ef5ae2c5e57
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2e0b95345f47453f9e387ef5ae2c5e572021-11-04T06:49:39ZBiogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon1932-6203https://doaj.org/article/2e0b95345f47453f9e387ef5ae2c5e572021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8553044/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Floodplains represent critical nursery habitats for a variety of fish species due to their highly productive food webs, yet few tools exist to quantify the extent to which these habitats contribute to ecosystem-level production. Here we conducted a large-scale field experiment to characterize differences in food web composition and stable isotopes (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ³⁴S) for salmon rearing on a large floodplain and adjacent river in the Central Valley, California, USA. The study covered variable hydrologic conditions including flooding (1999, 2017), average (2016), and drought (2012–2015). In addition, we determined incorporation rates and tissue fractionation between prey and muscle from fish held in enclosed locations (experimental fields, cages) at weekly intervals. Finally, we measured δ³⁴S in otoliths to test if these archival biominerals could be used to reconstruct floodplain use. Floodplain-reared salmon had a different diet composition and lower δ13C and δ³⁴S (δ¹³C = -33.02±2.66‰, δ³⁴S = -3.47±2.28‰; mean±1SD) compared to fish in the adjacent river (δ¹³C = -28.37±1.84‰, δ³⁴S = +2.23±2.25‰). These isotopic differences between habitats persisted across years of extreme droughts and floods. Despite the different diet composition, δ¹⁵N values from prey items on the floodplain (δ¹⁵N = 7.19±1.22‰) and river (δ¹⁵N = 7.25±1.46‰) were similar, suggesting similar trophic levels. The food web differences in δ13C and δ³⁴S between habitats were also reflected in salmon muscle tissue, reaching equilibrium between 24–30 days (2014, δ¹³C = -30.74±0.73‰, δ³⁴S = -4.6±0.68‰; 2016, δ¹³C = -34.74 ±0.49‰, δ³⁴S = -5.18±0.46‰). δ³⁴S measured in sequential growth bands in otoliths recorded a weekly time-series of shifting diet inputs, with the outermost layers recording time spent on the floodplain (δ³⁴S = -5.60±0.16‰) and river (δ³⁴S = 3.73±0.98‰). Our results suggest that δ¹³C and δ³⁴S can be used to differentiate floodplain and river rearing habitats used by native fishes, such as Chinook Salmon, across different hydrologic conditions and tissues. Together these stable isotope analyses provide a toolset to quantify the role of floodplains as fish habitats.Miranda Bell-TilcockCarson A. JeffresAndrew L. RypelMalte WillmesRichard A. ArmstrongPeter HoldenPeter B. MoyleNann A. FangueJacob V. E. KatzTed R. SommerJ. Louise ConradRachel C. JohnsonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Miranda Bell-Tilcock Carson A. Jeffres Andrew L. Rypel Malte Willmes Richard A. Armstrong Peter Holden Peter B. Moyle Nann A. Fangue Jacob V. E. Katz Ted R. Sommer J. Louise Conrad Rachel C. Johnson Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon
description	Floodplains represent critical nursery habitats for a variety of fish species due to their highly productive food webs, yet few tools exist to quantify the extent to which these habitats contribute to ecosystem-level production. Here we conducted a large-scale field experiment to characterize differences in food web composition and stable isotopes (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ³⁴S) for salmon rearing on a large floodplain and adjacent river in the Central Valley, California, USA. The study covered variable hydrologic conditions including flooding (1999, 2017), average (2016), and drought (2012–2015). In addition, we determined incorporation rates and tissue fractionation between prey and muscle from fish held in enclosed locations (experimental fields, cages) at weekly intervals. Finally, we measured δ³⁴S in otoliths to test if these archival biominerals could be used to reconstruct floodplain use. Floodplain-reared salmon had a different diet composition and lower δ13C and δ³⁴S (δ¹³C = -33.02±2.66‰, δ³⁴S = -3.47±2.28‰; mean±1SD) compared to fish in the adjacent river (δ¹³C = -28.37±1.84‰, δ³⁴S = +2.23±2.25‰). These isotopic differences between habitats persisted across years of extreme droughts and floods. Despite the different diet composition, δ¹⁵N values from prey items on the floodplain (δ¹⁵N = 7.19±1.22‰) and river (δ¹⁵N = 7.25±1.46‰) were similar, suggesting similar trophic levels. The food web differences in δ13C and δ³⁴S between habitats were also reflected in salmon muscle tissue, reaching equilibrium between 24–30 days (2014, δ¹³C = -30.74±0.73‰, δ³⁴S = -4.6±0.68‰; 2016, δ¹³C = -34.74 ±0.49‰, δ³⁴S = -5.18±0.46‰). δ³⁴S measured in sequential growth bands in otoliths recorded a weekly time-series of shifting diet inputs, with the outermost layers recording time spent on the floodplain (δ³⁴S = -5.60±0.16‰) and river (δ³⁴S = 3.73±0.98‰). Our results suggest that δ¹³C and δ³⁴S can be used to differentiate floodplain and river rearing habitats used by native fishes, such as Chinook Salmon, across different hydrologic conditions and tissues. Together these stable isotope analyses provide a toolset to quantify the role of floodplains as fish habitats.
format	article
author	Miranda Bell-Tilcock Carson A. Jeffres Andrew L. Rypel Malte Willmes Richard A. Armstrong Peter Holden Peter B. Moyle Nann A. Fangue Jacob V. E. Katz Ted R. Sommer J. Louise Conrad Rachel C. Johnson
author_facet	Miranda Bell-Tilcock Carson A. Jeffres Andrew L. Rypel Malte Willmes Richard A. Armstrong Peter Holden Peter B. Moyle Nann A. Fangue Jacob V. E. Katz Ted R. Sommer J. Louise Conrad Rachel C. Johnson
author_sort	Miranda Bell-Tilcock
title	Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon
title_short	Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon
title_full	Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon
title_fullStr	Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon
title_full_unstemmed	Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon
title_sort	biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2e0b95345f47453f9e387ef5ae2c5e57
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Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon

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