The Reverse Transcriptases Associated with CRISPR-Cas Systems

Abstract CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and associated proteins (Cas) act as adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea. Some CRISPR-Cas systems have been found to be associated with putative reverse transcriptases (RT), and an RT-Cas1 fusion associated with...

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Autores principales:	Nicolás Toro, Francisco Martínez-Abarca, Alejandro González-Delgado
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2e0dc14c9f174a8b8ac560488e350413
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2e0dc14c9f174a8b8ac560488e3504132021-12-02T12:32:00ZThe Reverse Transcriptases Associated with CRISPR-Cas Systems10.1038/s41598-017-07828-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/2e0dc14c9f174a8b8ac560488e3504132017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07828-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and associated proteins (Cas) act as adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea. Some CRISPR-Cas systems have been found to be associated with putative reverse transcriptases (RT), and an RT-Cas1 fusion associated with a type III-B system has been shown to acquire RNA spacers in vivo. Nevertheless, the origin and evolutionary relationships of these RTs and associated CRISPR-Cas systems remain largely unknown. We performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of these RTs and associated Cas1 proteins, and classified their CRISPR-Cas modules. These systems were found predominantly in bacteria, and their presence in archaea may be due to a horizontal gene transfer event. These RTs cluster into 12 major clades essentially restricted to particular phyla, suggesting host-dependent functioning. The RTs and associated Cas1 proteins may have largely coevolved. They are, therefore, subject to the same selection pressures, which may have led to coadaptation within particular protein complexes. Furthermore, our results indicate that the association of an RT with a CRISPR-Cas system has occurred on multiple occasions during evolution.Nicolás ToroFrancisco Martínez-AbarcaAlejandro González-DelgadoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Nicolás Toro Francisco Martínez-Abarca Alejandro González-Delgado The Reverse Transcriptases Associated with CRISPR-Cas Systems
description	Abstract CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and associated proteins (Cas) act as adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea. Some CRISPR-Cas systems have been found to be associated with putative reverse transcriptases (RT), and an RT-Cas1 fusion associated with a type III-B system has been shown to acquire RNA spacers in vivo. Nevertheless, the origin and evolutionary relationships of these RTs and associated CRISPR-Cas systems remain largely unknown. We performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of these RTs and associated Cas1 proteins, and classified their CRISPR-Cas modules. These systems were found predominantly in bacteria, and their presence in archaea may be due to a horizontal gene transfer event. These RTs cluster into 12 major clades essentially restricted to particular phyla, suggesting host-dependent functioning. The RTs and associated Cas1 proteins may have largely coevolved. They are, therefore, subject to the same selection pressures, which may have led to coadaptation within particular protein complexes. Furthermore, our results indicate that the association of an RT with a CRISPR-Cas system has occurred on multiple occasions during evolution.
format	article
author	Nicolás Toro Francisco Martínez-Abarca Alejandro González-Delgado
author_facet	Nicolás Toro Francisco Martínez-Abarca Alejandro González-Delgado
author_sort	Nicolás Toro
title	The Reverse Transcriptases Associated with CRISPR-Cas Systems
title_short	The Reverse Transcriptases Associated with CRISPR-Cas Systems
title_full	The Reverse Transcriptases Associated with CRISPR-Cas Systems
title_fullStr	The Reverse Transcriptases Associated with CRISPR-Cas Systems
title_full_unstemmed	The Reverse Transcriptases Associated with CRISPR-Cas Systems
title_sort	reverse transcriptases associated with crispr-cas systems
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/2e0dc14c9f174a8b8ac560488e350413
work_keys_str_mv	AT nicolastoro thereversetranscriptasesassociatedwithcrisprcassystems AT franciscomartinezabarca thereversetranscriptasesassociatedwithcrisprcassystems AT alejandrogonzalezdelgado thereversetranscriptasesassociatedwithcrisprcassystems AT nicolastoro reversetranscriptasesassociatedwithcrisprcassystems AT franciscomartinezabarca reversetranscriptasesassociatedwithcrisprcassystems AT alejandrogonzalezdelgado reversetranscriptasesassociatedwithcrisprcassystems
_version_	1718394207388827648

The Reverse Transcriptases Associated with CRISPR-Cas Systems

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