Nanomedicine for Immunotherapy Targeting Hematological Malignancies: Current Approaches and Perspective

Conventional chemotherapy has partial therapeutic effects against hematological malignancies and is correlated with serious side effects and great risk of relapse. Recently, immunotherapeutic drugs have provided encouraging results in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Several immunotherap...

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Autores principales: Alessandro Allegra, Mario Di Gioacchino, Alessandro Tonacci, Claudia Petrarca, Sebastiano Gangemi
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Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:2e16d2736b1346818e4c1b5fb74217302021-11-25T18:29:50ZNanomedicine for Immunotherapy Targeting Hematological Malignancies: Current Approaches and Perspective10.3390/nano111127922079-4991https://doaj.org/article/2e16d2736b1346818e4c1b5fb74217302021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/2792https://doaj.org/toc/2079-4991Conventional chemotherapy has partial therapeutic effects against hematological malignancies and is correlated with serious side effects and great risk of relapse. Recently, immunotherapeutic drugs have provided encouraging results in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Several immunotherapeutic antibodies and cell therapeutics are in dynamic development such as immune checkpoint blockades and CAR-T treatment. However, numerous problems restrain the therapeutic effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy as an insufficient anti-tumor immune response, the interference of an immune-suppressive bone marrow, or tumoral milieu with the discharge of immunosuppressive components, access of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, monocyte intrusion, macrophage modifications, all factors facilitating the tumor to escape the anti-cancer immune response, finally reducing the efficiency of the immunotherapy. Nanotechnology can be employed to overcome each of these aspects, therefore having the possibility to successfully produce anti-cancer immune responses. Here, we review recent findings on the use of biomaterial-based nanoparticles in hematological malignancies immunotherapy. In the future, a deeper understanding of tumor immunology and of the implications of nanomedicine will allow nanoparticles to revolutionize tumor immunotherapy, and nanomedicine approaches will reveal their great potential for clinical translation.Alessandro AllegraMario Di GioacchinoAlessandro TonacciClaudia PetrarcaSebastiano GangemiMDPI AGarticlenanomedicinenanoparticleshematological malignanciesimmunotherapyimmune systemtumor microenvironmentChemistryQD1-999ENNanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 2792, p 2792 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic nanomedicine
nanoparticles
hematological malignancies
immunotherapy
immune system
tumor microenvironment
Chemistry
QD1-999
spellingShingle nanomedicine
nanoparticles
hematological malignancies
immunotherapy
immune system
tumor microenvironment
Chemistry
QD1-999
Alessandro Allegra
Mario Di Gioacchino
Alessandro Tonacci
Claudia Petrarca
Sebastiano Gangemi
Nanomedicine for Immunotherapy Targeting Hematological Malignancies: Current Approaches and Perspective
description Conventional chemotherapy has partial therapeutic effects against hematological malignancies and is correlated with serious side effects and great risk of relapse. Recently, immunotherapeutic drugs have provided encouraging results in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Several immunotherapeutic antibodies and cell therapeutics are in dynamic development such as immune checkpoint blockades and CAR-T treatment. However, numerous problems restrain the therapeutic effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy as an insufficient anti-tumor immune response, the interference of an immune-suppressive bone marrow, or tumoral milieu with the discharge of immunosuppressive components, access of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, monocyte intrusion, macrophage modifications, all factors facilitating the tumor to escape the anti-cancer immune response, finally reducing the efficiency of the immunotherapy. Nanotechnology can be employed to overcome each of these aspects, therefore having the possibility to successfully produce anti-cancer immune responses. Here, we review recent findings on the use of biomaterial-based nanoparticles in hematological malignancies immunotherapy. In the future, a deeper understanding of tumor immunology and of the implications of nanomedicine will allow nanoparticles to revolutionize tumor immunotherapy, and nanomedicine approaches will reveal their great potential for clinical translation.
format article
author Alessandro Allegra
Mario Di Gioacchino
Alessandro Tonacci
Claudia Petrarca
Sebastiano Gangemi
author_facet Alessandro Allegra
Mario Di Gioacchino
Alessandro Tonacci
Claudia Petrarca
Sebastiano Gangemi
author_sort Alessandro Allegra
title Nanomedicine for Immunotherapy Targeting Hematological Malignancies: Current Approaches and Perspective
title_short Nanomedicine for Immunotherapy Targeting Hematological Malignancies: Current Approaches and Perspective
title_full Nanomedicine for Immunotherapy Targeting Hematological Malignancies: Current Approaches and Perspective
title_fullStr Nanomedicine for Immunotherapy Targeting Hematological Malignancies: Current Approaches and Perspective
title_full_unstemmed Nanomedicine for Immunotherapy Targeting Hematological Malignancies: Current Approaches and Perspective
title_sort nanomedicine for immunotherapy targeting hematological malignancies: current approaches and perspective
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/2e16d2736b1346818e4c1b5fb7421730
work_keys_str_mv AT alessandroallegra nanomedicineforimmunotherapytargetinghematologicalmalignanciescurrentapproachesandperspective
AT mariodigioacchino nanomedicineforimmunotherapytargetinghematologicalmalignanciescurrentapproachesandperspective
AT alessandrotonacci nanomedicineforimmunotherapytargetinghematologicalmalignanciescurrentapproachesandperspective
AT claudiapetrarca nanomedicineforimmunotherapytargetinghematologicalmalignanciescurrentapproachesandperspective
AT sebastianogangemi nanomedicineforimmunotherapytargetinghematologicalmalignanciescurrentapproachesandperspective
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