Iron Supplement-Enhanced Growth and Development of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> In Vitro under Normal and High pH

<i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> is a popular perennial ornamental shrub commercially grown as potted plants, landscape plants, and cut flowers. In the process of reproduction and production of ornamental plants, the absorption of nutrients directly determines the value of the ornamental pla...

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Autores principales:	Jie Xiao, Ge Guo, Byoung Ryong Jeong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	antioxidant system chlorophyll chlorosis photosynthesis plant reproduction thylakoid Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2e259aa35ad044c791fe021497d951e9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2e259aa35ad044c791fe021497d951e92021-11-25T17:12:04ZIron Supplement-Enhanced Growth and Development of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> In Vitro under Normal and High pH10.3390/cells101131512073-4409https://doaj.org/article/2e259aa35ad044c791fe021497d951e92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/3151https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409<i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> is a popular perennial ornamental shrub commercially grown as potted plants, landscape plants, and cut flowers. In the process of reproduction and production of ornamental plants, the absorption of nutrients directly determines the value of the ornamental plants. <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> is very sensitive to the content and absorption of the micronutrient iron (Fe) that affects growth of its shoots. However, the physiological activity of Fe as affected by deficiency or supplementation is unknown. This work aimed at preliminary exploring the relationship between Fe and photosynthesis, and also to find the most favorable iron source and level of pH for the growth of <i>H. macrophylla</i>. Two Fe sources, non-chelated iron sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) and iron ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Fe-EDTA), were supplemented to the multipurpose medium with a final Fe concentration of 2.78 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>. The medium without any Fe supplementation was used as the control. The pH of the agar-solidified medium was adjusted to either 4.70, 5.70, or 6.70, before autoclaving. The experiment was conducted in a culture room for 60 days with 25/18 °C day and night temperatures, and a 16-hour photoperiod provided at a light intensity of 50 mmol·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup> photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) from white light-emitting diodes. Supplementary Fe increased the tissue Fe content, and leaves were greener with the medium pH of 4.70, regardless of the Fe source. Compared to the control, the number of leaves for plantlets treated with FeSO<sub>4</sub> and Fe-EDTA were 2.0 and 1.5 times greater, respectively. The chlorophyll, macronutrient, and micronutrient contents were the greatest with Fe-EDTA at pH 4.70. Furthermore, the Fe in the leaf affected the photosynthesis by regulating stomata development, pigment content, and antioxidant system, and also by adjusting the expression of genes related to Fe absorption, transport, and redistribution. Supplementation of Fe in a form chelated with EDTA along with a medium pH of 4.70 was found to be the best for the growth and development of <i>H. macrophylla</i> plantlets cultured in vitro.Jie XiaoGe GuoByoung Ryong JeongMDPI AGarticleantioxidant systemchlorophyllchlorosisphotosynthesisplant reproductionthylakoidBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 3151, p 3151 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antioxidant system chlorophyll chlorosis photosynthesis plant reproduction thylakoid Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	antioxidant system chlorophyll chlorosis photosynthesis plant reproduction thylakoid Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Jie Xiao Ge Guo Byoung Ryong Jeong Iron Supplement-Enhanced Growth and Development of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> In Vitro under Normal and High pH
description	<i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> is a popular perennial ornamental shrub commercially grown as potted plants, landscape plants, and cut flowers. In the process of reproduction and production of ornamental plants, the absorption of nutrients directly determines the value of the ornamental plants. <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> is very sensitive to the content and absorption of the micronutrient iron (Fe) that affects growth of its shoots. However, the physiological activity of Fe as affected by deficiency or supplementation is unknown. This work aimed at preliminary exploring the relationship between Fe and photosynthesis, and also to find the most favorable iron source and level of pH for the growth of <i>H. macrophylla</i>. Two Fe sources, non-chelated iron sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) and iron ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Fe-EDTA), were supplemented to the multipurpose medium with a final Fe concentration of 2.78 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>. The medium without any Fe supplementation was used as the control. The pH of the agar-solidified medium was adjusted to either 4.70, 5.70, or 6.70, before autoclaving. The experiment was conducted in a culture room for 60 days with 25/18 °C day and night temperatures, and a 16-hour photoperiod provided at a light intensity of 50 mmol·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup> photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) from white light-emitting diodes. Supplementary Fe increased the tissue Fe content, and leaves were greener with the medium pH of 4.70, regardless of the Fe source. Compared to the control, the number of leaves for plantlets treated with FeSO<sub>4</sub> and Fe-EDTA were 2.0 and 1.5 times greater, respectively. The chlorophyll, macronutrient, and micronutrient contents were the greatest with Fe-EDTA at pH 4.70. Furthermore, the Fe in the leaf affected the photosynthesis by regulating stomata development, pigment content, and antioxidant system, and also by adjusting the expression of genes related to Fe absorption, transport, and redistribution. Supplementation of Fe in a form chelated with EDTA along with a medium pH of 4.70 was found to be the best for the growth and development of <i>H. macrophylla</i> plantlets cultured in vitro.
format	article
author	Jie Xiao Ge Guo Byoung Ryong Jeong
author_facet	Jie Xiao Ge Guo Byoung Ryong Jeong
author_sort	Jie Xiao
title	Iron Supplement-Enhanced Growth and Development of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> In Vitro under Normal and High pH
title_short	Iron Supplement-Enhanced Growth and Development of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> In Vitro under Normal and High pH
title_full	Iron Supplement-Enhanced Growth and Development of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> In Vitro under Normal and High pH
title_fullStr	Iron Supplement-Enhanced Growth and Development of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> In Vitro under Normal and High pH
title_full_unstemmed	Iron Supplement-Enhanced Growth and Development of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> In Vitro under Normal and High pH
title_sort	iron supplement-enhanced growth and development of <i>hydrangea macrophylla</i> in vitro under normal and high ph
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2e259aa35ad044c791fe021497d951e9
work_keys_str_mv	AT jiexiao ironsupplementenhancedgrowthanddevelopmentofihydrangeamacrophyllaiinvitroundernormalandhighph AT geguo ironsupplementenhancedgrowthanddevelopmentofihydrangeamacrophyllaiinvitroundernormalandhighph AT byoungryongjeong ironsupplementenhancedgrowthanddevelopmentofihydrangeamacrophyllaiinvitroundernormalandhighph
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Iron Supplement-Enhanced Growth and Development of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> In Vitro under Normal and High pH

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