Mechanisms underlying of antiretroviral drugs in different cellular reservoirs with a focus on macrophages

Ongoing with current combinations of antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can successfully maintain long-term suppression of HIV-1 replication in plasma. Still, none of these therapies is capable of extinguishing the virus from the long-lived cellula...

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Main Authors:	Stefano Aquaro, Ana Borrajo, Michele Pellegrino, Valentina Svicher
Format:	article
Language:	EN
Published:	Taylor & Francis Group 2020
Subjects:	hiv-1 macrophages virus reservoir antiretroviral drugs target Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Online Access:	https://doaj.org/article/2e3d473fcd324eb4a90cd7850e8684d0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2e3d473fcd324eb4a90cd7850e8684d02021-11-17T14:21:58ZMechanisms underlying of antiretroviral drugs in different cellular reservoirs with a focus on macrophages2150-55942150-560810.1080/21505594.2020.1760443https://doaj.org/article/2e3d473fcd324eb4a90cd7850e8684d02020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2020.1760443https://doaj.org/toc/2150-5594https://doaj.org/toc/2150-5608Ongoing with current combinations of antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can successfully maintain long-term suppression of HIV-1 replication in plasma. Still, none of these therapies is capable of extinguishing the virus from the long-lived cellular reservoir, including monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), that means the principal obstacle to HIV cure. MDM are widely distributed in all tissues and organs, including central system nervous (CNS) where they represent the most frequent HIV-infected cells that means the principal obstacle to HIV cure. Current FDA-approved antiretroviral drugs target viral reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase, and entry processes (coreceptor or fusion blockade). It is desirable to continue to develop new antiretrovirals directed against alternative targets in the virus lifecycle in order to further optimize therapeutic options, overcome resistance to existing medications, and potentially contribute to the elimination of viral reservoirs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the activity of antiretroviral drugs (classical and upcoming) in monocytes-derived macrophages (MDM). Defining the antiviral activity of these drugs in this important cellular HIV-1 reservoir provides crucial hints about their efficacy in HIV-1 infected patients.Stefano AquaroAna BorrajoMichele PellegrinoValentina SvicherTaylor & Francis Grouparticlehiv-1macrophagesvirus reservoirantiretroviral drugs targetInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENVirulence, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 400-413 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hiv-1 macrophages virus reservoir antiretroviral drugs target Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	hiv-1 macrophages virus reservoir antiretroviral drugs target Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Stefano Aquaro Ana Borrajo Michele Pellegrino Valentina Svicher Mechanisms underlying of antiretroviral drugs in different cellular reservoirs with a focus on macrophages
description	Ongoing with current combinations of antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can successfully maintain long-term suppression of HIV-1 replication in plasma. Still, none of these therapies is capable of extinguishing the virus from the long-lived cellular reservoir, including monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), that means the principal obstacle to HIV cure. MDM are widely distributed in all tissues and organs, including central system nervous (CNS) where they represent the most frequent HIV-infected cells that means the principal obstacle to HIV cure. Current FDA-approved antiretroviral drugs target viral reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase, and entry processes (coreceptor or fusion blockade). It is desirable to continue to develop new antiretrovirals directed against alternative targets in the virus lifecycle in order to further optimize therapeutic options, overcome resistance to existing medications, and potentially contribute to the elimination of viral reservoirs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the activity of antiretroviral drugs (classical and upcoming) in monocytes-derived macrophages (MDM). Defining the antiviral activity of these drugs in this important cellular HIV-1 reservoir provides crucial hints about their efficacy in HIV-1 infected patients.
format	article
author	Stefano Aquaro Ana Borrajo Michele Pellegrino Valentina Svicher
author_facet	Stefano Aquaro Ana Borrajo Michele Pellegrino Valentina Svicher
author_sort	Stefano Aquaro
title	Mechanisms underlying of antiretroviral drugs in different cellular reservoirs with a focus on macrophages
title_short	Mechanisms underlying of antiretroviral drugs in different cellular reservoirs with a focus on macrophages
title_full	Mechanisms underlying of antiretroviral drugs in different cellular reservoirs with a focus on macrophages
title_fullStr	Mechanisms underlying of antiretroviral drugs in different cellular reservoirs with a focus on macrophages
title_full_unstemmed	Mechanisms underlying of antiretroviral drugs in different cellular reservoirs with a focus on macrophages
title_sort	mechanisms underlying of antiretroviral drugs in different cellular reservoirs with a focus on macrophages
publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/2e3d473fcd324eb4a90cd7850e8684d0
work_keys_str_mv	AT stefanoaquaro mechanismsunderlyingofantiretroviraldrugsindifferentcellularreservoirswithafocusonmacrophages AT anaborrajo mechanismsunderlyingofantiretroviraldrugsindifferentcellularreservoirswithafocusonmacrophages AT michelepellegrino mechanismsunderlyingofantiretroviraldrugsindifferentcellularreservoirswithafocusonmacrophages AT valentinasvicher mechanismsunderlyingofantiretroviraldrugsindifferentcellularreservoirswithafocusonmacrophages
_version_	1718425471892324352

Mechanisms underlying of antiretroviral drugs in different cellular reservoirs with a focus on macrophages

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