Unintended Laboratory-Driven Evolution Reveals Genetic Requirements for Biofilm Formation by <italic toggle="yes">Desulfovibrio vulgaris</italic> Hildenborough

ABSTRACT Biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are of particular interest as members of this group are culprits in corrosion of industrial metal and concrete pipelines as well as being key players in subsurface metal cycling. Yet the mechanism of biofilm formation by these bacteria has not bee...

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Autores principales:	Kara B. De León, Grant M. Zane, Valentine V. Trotter, Gregory P. Krantz, Adam P. Arkin, Gareth P. Butland, Peter J. Walian, Matthew W. Fields, Judy D. Wall
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	Desulfovibrio vulgaris biofilms genetic polymorphisms secretion systems sulfate reduction Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2e5b78221a8449afa8b0b74a6b90dde1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2e5b78221a8449afa8b0b74a6b90dde12021-11-15T15:51:50ZUnintended Laboratory-Driven Evolution Reveals Genetic Requirements for Biofilm Formation by <italic toggle="yes">Desulfovibrio vulgaris</italic> Hildenborough10.1128/mBio.01696-172150-7511https://doaj.org/article/2e5b78221a8449afa8b0b74a6b90dde12017-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01696-17https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are of particular interest as members of this group are culprits in corrosion of industrial metal and concrete pipelines as well as being key players in subsurface metal cycling. Yet the mechanism of biofilm formation by these bacteria has not been determined. Here we show that two supposedly identical wild-type cultures of the SRB Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough maintained in different laboratories have diverged in biofilm formation. From genome resequencing and subsequent mutant analyses, we discovered that a single nucleotide change within DVU1017, the ABC transporter of a type I secretion system (T1SS), was sufficient to eliminate biofilm formation in D. vulgaris Hildenborough. Two T1SS cargo proteins were identified as likely biofilm structural proteins, and the presence of at least one (with either being sufficient) was shown to be required for biofilm formation. Antibodies specific to these biofilm structural proteins confirmed that DVU1017, and thus the T1SS, is essential for localization of these adhesion proteins on the cell surface. We propose that DVU1017 is a member of the lapB category of microbial surface proteins because of its phenotypic similarity to the adhesin export system described for biofilm formation in the environmental pseudomonads. These findings have led to the identification of two functions required for biofilm formation in D. vulgaris Hildenborough and focus attention on the importance of monitoring laboratory-driven evolution, as phenotypes as fundamental as biofilm formation can be altered. IMPORTANCE The growth of bacteria attached to a surface (i.e., biofilm), specifically biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria, has a profound impact on the economy of developed nations due to steel and concrete corrosion in industrial pipelines and processing facilities. Furthermore, the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria in oil wells causes oil souring from sulfide production, resulting in product loss, a health hazard to workers, and ultimately abandonment of wells. Identification of the required genes is a critical step for determining the mechanism of biofilm formation by sulfate reducers. Here, the transporter by which putative biofilm structural proteins are exported from sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough cells was discovered, and a single nucleotide change within the gene coding for this transporter was found to be sufficient to completely stop formation of biofilm.Kara B. De LeónGrant M. ZaneValentine V. TrotterGregory P. KrantzAdam P. ArkinGareth P. ButlandPeter J. WalianMatthew W. FieldsJudy D. WallAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleDesulfovibrio vulgarisbiofilmsgenetic polymorphismssecretion systemssulfate reductionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 8, Iss 5 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Desulfovibrio vulgaris biofilms genetic polymorphisms secretion systems sulfate reduction Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Desulfovibrio vulgaris biofilms genetic polymorphisms secretion systems sulfate reduction Microbiology QR1-502 Kara B. De León Grant M. Zane Valentine V. Trotter Gregory P. Krantz Adam P. Arkin Gareth P. Butland Peter J. Walian Matthew W. Fields Judy D. Wall Unintended Laboratory-Driven Evolution Reveals Genetic Requirements for Biofilm Formation by <italic toggle="yes">Desulfovibrio vulgaris</italic> Hildenborough
description	ABSTRACT Biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are of particular interest as members of this group are culprits in corrosion of industrial metal and concrete pipelines as well as being key players in subsurface metal cycling. Yet the mechanism of biofilm formation by these bacteria has not been determined. Here we show that two supposedly identical wild-type cultures of the SRB Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough maintained in different laboratories have diverged in biofilm formation. From genome resequencing and subsequent mutant analyses, we discovered that a single nucleotide change within DVU1017, the ABC transporter of a type I secretion system (T1SS), was sufficient to eliminate biofilm formation in D. vulgaris Hildenborough. Two T1SS cargo proteins were identified as likely biofilm structural proteins, and the presence of at least one (with either being sufficient) was shown to be required for biofilm formation. Antibodies specific to these biofilm structural proteins confirmed that DVU1017, and thus the T1SS, is essential for localization of these adhesion proteins on the cell surface. We propose that DVU1017 is a member of the lapB category of microbial surface proteins because of its phenotypic similarity to the adhesin export system described for biofilm formation in the environmental pseudomonads. These findings have led to the identification of two functions required for biofilm formation in D. vulgaris Hildenborough and focus attention on the importance of monitoring laboratory-driven evolution, as phenotypes as fundamental as biofilm formation can be altered. IMPORTANCE The growth of bacteria attached to a surface (i.e., biofilm), specifically biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria, has a profound impact on the economy of developed nations due to steel and concrete corrosion in industrial pipelines and processing facilities. Furthermore, the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria in oil wells causes oil souring from sulfide production, resulting in product loss, a health hazard to workers, and ultimately abandonment of wells. Identification of the required genes is a critical step for determining the mechanism of biofilm formation by sulfate reducers. Here, the transporter by which putative biofilm structural proteins are exported from sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough cells was discovered, and a single nucleotide change within the gene coding for this transporter was found to be sufficient to completely stop formation of biofilm.
format	article
author	Kara B. De León Grant M. Zane Valentine V. Trotter Gregory P. Krantz Adam P. Arkin Gareth P. Butland Peter J. Walian Matthew W. Fields Judy D. Wall
author_facet	Kara B. De León Grant M. Zane Valentine V. Trotter Gregory P. Krantz Adam P. Arkin Gareth P. Butland Peter J. Walian Matthew W. Fields Judy D. Wall
author_sort	Kara B. De León
title	Unintended Laboratory-Driven Evolution Reveals Genetic Requirements for Biofilm Formation by <italic toggle="yes">Desulfovibrio vulgaris</italic> Hildenborough
title_short	Unintended Laboratory-Driven Evolution Reveals Genetic Requirements for Biofilm Formation by <italic toggle="yes">Desulfovibrio vulgaris</italic> Hildenborough
title_full	Unintended Laboratory-Driven Evolution Reveals Genetic Requirements for Biofilm Formation by <italic toggle="yes">Desulfovibrio vulgaris</italic> Hildenborough
title_fullStr	Unintended Laboratory-Driven Evolution Reveals Genetic Requirements for Biofilm Formation by <italic toggle="yes">Desulfovibrio vulgaris</italic> Hildenborough
title_full_unstemmed	Unintended Laboratory-Driven Evolution Reveals Genetic Requirements for Biofilm Formation by <italic toggle="yes">Desulfovibrio vulgaris</italic> Hildenborough
title_sort	unintended laboratory-driven evolution reveals genetic requirements for biofilm formation by <italic toggle="yes">desulfovibrio vulgaris</italic> hildenborough
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/2e5b78221a8449afa8b0b74a6b90dde1
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Unintended Laboratory-Driven Evolution Reveals Genetic Requirements for Biofilm Formation by <italic toggle="yes">Desulfovibrio vulgaris</italic> Hildenborough

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