CCL2 produced by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is essential for the accumulation and activation of monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells

Abstract Introduction The development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is closely tied with the immune system. C‐C motif chemokine ligands (CCL) were proved to lead to immune recruitment and training. Thus, we reckoned CCL2 to be the kernel of immune suppression in PDAC tissues. Methods We...

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Autores principales:	Haitao Gu, Wensheng Deng, Zhong Zheng, Ke Wu, Feng Sun
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	CCL2 immune suppression M‐MDSCs pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2ea283603a214c449e316e72bb1211c0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2ea283603a214c449e316e72bb1211c02021-11-12T19:57:15ZCCL2 produced by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is essential for the accumulation and activation of monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells2050-452710.1002/iid3.523https://doaj.org/article/2ea283603a214c449e316e72bb1211c02021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.523https://doaj.org/toc/2050-4527Abstract Introduction The development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is closely tied with the immune system. C‐C motif chemokine ligands (CCL) were proved to lead to immune recruitment and training. Thus, we reckoned CCL2 to be the kernel of immune suppression in PDAC tissues. Methods We compared normal pancreatic tissues with PDAC tissues according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and clinical samples. Flow cytometry was used to identify M‐MDSCs. We further demonstrated immune suppression of M‐MDSCs according to proliferation rates of CD8+ T cells/CD4+ T cells. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Arginase were also tested by flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot analysis. We also analyzed the specific mechanisms by cluster analysis after CCL2 stimulating M‐MDSCs. Results We found that CCL2 highly increased in PDAC tissues. CCL2 is positively related to CD33 and CD14, markers of monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (M‐MDSCs). We have demonstrated that CCL2 recruited M‐MDSCs into PDAC tissues both in vitro and in vivo. M‐MDSCs recruitment is accompanied by sustained immune suppression. Furthermore, we have found that M‐MDSCs impeded T cell proliferation and produced high levels of ROS and Arginase, which can be enhanced by CCL2. Mechanistically, CCL2 stimulated M‐MDSCs led to a significant upregulation of genes, a large part of which accumulated in the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Treatment of aloesin, MAPK signaling inhibitor, relieved the associated immunosuppressive phenotype induced by CCL2. Conclusions Our study indicates that PDAC cells produced CCL2, which promoted localized M‐MDSC recruitment and immune suppression, thereby promoting tumor progression.Haitao GuWensheng DengZhong ZhengKe WuFeng SunWileyarticleCCL2immune suppressionM‐MDSCspancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENImmunity, Inflammation and Disease, Vol 9, Iss 4, Pp 1686-1695 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	CCL2 immune suppression M‐MDSCs pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	CCL2 immune suppression M‐MDSCs pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Haitao Gu Wensheng Deng Zhong Zheng Ke Wu Feng Sun CCL2 produced by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is essential for the accumulation and activation of monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells
description	Abstract Introduction The development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is closely tied with the immune system. C‐C motif chemokine ligands (CCL) were proved to lead to immune recruitment and training. Thus, we reckoned CCL2 to be the kernel of immune suppression in PDAC tissues. Methods We compared normal pancreatic tissues with PDAC tissues according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and clinical samples. Flow cytometry was used to identify M‐MDSCs. We further demonstrated immune suppression of M‐MDSCs according to proliferation rates of CD8+ T cells/CD4+ T cells. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Arginase were also tested by flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot analysis. We also analyzed the specific mechanisms by cluster analysis after CCL2 stimulating M‐MDSCs. Results We found that CCL2 highly increased in PDAC tissues. CCL2 is positively related to CD33 and CD14, markers of monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (M‐MDSCs). We have demonstrated that CCL2 recruited M‐MDSCs into PDAC tissues both in vitro and in vivo. M‐MDSCs recruitment is accompanied by sustained immune suppression. Furthermore, we have found that M‐MDSCs impeded T cell proliferation and produced high levels of ROS and Arginase, which can be enhanced by CCL2. Mechanistically, CCL2 stimulated M‐MDSCs led to a significant upregulation of genes, a large part of which accumulated in the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Treatment of aloesin, MAPK signaling inhibitor, relieved the associated immunosuppressive phenotype induced by CCL2. Conclusions Our study indicates that PDAC cells produced CCL2, which promoted localized M‐MDSC recruitment and immune suppression, thereby promoting tumor progression.
format	article
author	Haitao Gu Wensheng Deng Zhong Zheng Ke Wu Feng Sun
author_facet	Haitao Gu Wensheng Deng Zhong Zheng Ke Wu Feng Sun
author_sort	Haitao Gu
title	CCL2 produced by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is essential for the accumulation and activation of monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells
title_short	CCL2 produced by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is essential for the accumulation and activation of monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells
title_full	CCL2 produced by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is essential for the accumulation and activation of monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells
title_fullStr	CCL2 produced by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is essential for the accumulation and activation of monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells
title_full_unstemmed	CCL2 produced by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is essential for the accumulation and activation of monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells
title_sort	ccl2 produced by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is essential for the accumulation and activation of monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2ea283603a214c449e316e72bb1211c0
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CCL2 produced by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is essential for the accumulation and activation of monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells

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