Belowground Dynamics Influence Nitrogen Cycling and Crop Productivity in Diversified Corn Systems

Ecological nutrient management is a strategy that can help create resilient cropping systems and reduce the negative impact that agricultural systems have on the environment. Ecological nutrient management enhances plant-soil-microbial interactions and optimizes crop production while providing key e...

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Autores principales:	Tvisha Martin, Christine D. Sprunger
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	roots soil health nematodes ecological nutrient management perennial agroecosystems Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Food processing and manufacture TP368-456
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2eb1c23a8a114b42bdb01ccb0e089d4e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2eb1c23a8a114b42bdb01ccb0e089d4e2021-11-11T09:34:50ZBelowground Dynamics Influence Nitrogen Cycling and Crop Productivity in Diversified Corn Systems2571-581X10.3389/fsufs.2021.705577https://doaj.org/article/2eb1c23a8a114b42bdb01ccb0e089d4e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2021.705577/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2571-581XEcological nutrient management is a strategy that can help create resilient cropping systems and reduce the negative impact that agricultural systems have on the environment. Ecological nutrient management enhances plant-soil-microbial interactions and optimizes crop production while providing key ecosystem services. Incorporating perennial legumes into crop rotations and implementing no-till to enhance organic nitrogen (N) soil pools could reduce the need for inorganic N fertilizer inputs and lead to improved soil health. Plant and soil N pools need to be further quantified to understand how to enhance soil health across a range of agroecosystems. This paper aims to quantify plant and soil N pools in systems contrasting in crop perenniality (corn–corn, corn–soy, and corn–forage–forage) and tillage intensity (chisel till vs. no-till). Key plant, soil, and organismal metrics of N cycling were measured including fine root production, N-Acetyl-B-Gulcosaminidase (NAG) enzyme activity, and soil protein, nematode enrichment opportunist (fungal and bacterial feeding nematodes) and the nematode Enrichment Index. Fine root production was determined using in-growth mesh cores. Findings reveal that monoculture cropping systems with reduced tillage intensity and rotations with perennial legumes had significantly greater fine root N (FRN), soil protein and NAG enzyme activity (p < 0.05) relative to corn-soy. Additionally, nematode bacterivore enrichment opportunists (b1) were significantly reduced in corn-corn systems when compared to all other crop rotation systems. Correlation analyses indicated positive and significant relationships between FRN and soil protein (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that lengthening crop rotations with perennial legumes and incorporating no-till management can increase organic N inputs, N mineralization rates, and organic N storage. Such ecological approaches to management have the potential to reduce the need for inorganic N inputs, while increasing long-term soil health and crop productivity.Tvisha MartinChristine D. SprungerFrontiers Media S.A.articlerootssoil healthnematodesecological nutrient managementperennial agroecosystemsNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641Food processing and manufactureTP368-456ENFrontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Vol 5 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	roots soil health nematodes ecological nutrient management perennial agroecosystems Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Food processing and manufacture TP368-456
spellingShingle	roots soil health nematodes ecological nutrient management perennial agroecosystems Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Food processing and manufacture TP368-456 Tvisha Martin Christine D. Sprunger Belowground Dynamics Influence Nitrogen Cycling and Crop Productivity in Diversified Corn Systems
description	Ecological nutrient management is a strategy that can help create resilient cropping systems and reduce the negative impact that agricultural systems have on the environment. Ecological nutrient management enhances plant-soil-microbial interactions and optimizes crop production while providing key ecosystem services. Incorporating perennial legumes into crop rotations and implementing no-till to enhance organic nitrogen (N) soil pools could reduce the need for inorganic N fertilizer inputs and lead to improved soil health. Plant and soil N pools need to be further quantified to understand how to enhance soil health across a range of agroecosystems. This paper aims to quantify plant and soil N pools in systems contrasting in crop perenniality (corn–corn, corn–soy, and corn–forage–forage) and tillage intensity (chisel till vs. no-till). Key plant, soil, and organismal metrics of N cycling were measured including fine root production, N-Acetyl-B-Gulcosaminidase (NAG) enzyme activity, and soil protein, nematode enrichment opportunist (fungal and bacterial feeding nematodes) and the nematode Enrichment Index. Fine root production was determined using in-growth mesh cores. Findings reveal that monoculture cropping systems with reduced tillage intensity and rotations with perennial legumes had significantly greater fine root N (FRN), soil protein and NAG enzyme activity (p < 0.05) relative to corn-soy. Additionally, nematode bacterivore enrichment opportunists (b1) were significantly reduced in corn-corn systems when compared to all other crop rotation systems. Correlation analyses indicated positive and significant relationships between FRN and soil protein (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that lengthening crop rotations with perennial legumes and incorporating no-till management can increase organic N inputs, N mineralization rates, and organic N storage. Such ecological approaches to management have the potential to reduce the need for inorganic N inputs, while increasing long-term soil health and crop productivity.
format	article
author	Tvisha Martin Christine D. Sprunger
author_facet	Tvisha Martin Christine D. Sprunger
author_sort	Tvisha Martin
title	Belowground Dynamics Influence Nitrogen Cycling and Crop Productivity in Diversified Corn Systems
title_short	Belowground Dynamics Influence Nitrogen Cycling and Crop Productivity in Diversified Corn Systems
title_full	Belowground Dynamics Influence Nitrogen Cycling and Crop Productivity in Diversified Corn Systems
title_fullStr	Belowground Dynamics Influence Nitrogen Cycling and Crop Productivity in Diversified Corn Systems
title_full_unstemmed	Belowground Dynamics Influence Nitrogen Cycling and Crop Productivity in Diversified Corn Systems
title_sort	belowground dynamics influence nitrogen cycling and crop productivity in diversified corn systems
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2eb1c23a8a114b42bdb01ccb0e089d4e
work_keys_str_mv	AT tvishamartin belowgrounddynamicsinfluencenitrogencyclingandcropproductivityindiversifiedcornsystems AT christinedsprunger belowgrounddynamicsinfluencenitrogencyclingandcropproductivityindiversifiedcornsystems
_version_	1718439201918156800

Belowground Dynamics Influence Nitrogen Cycling and Crop Productivity in Diversified Corn Systems

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