Depression, anxiety, and stress and their association with khat use: a cross-sectional study among Jazan University students, Saudi Arabia

Tariq Al Bahhawi,1 Osama B Albasheer,1 Anwar M Makeen,1 Abdulelah Mohammed Arishi,2 Othman Mohammed Hakami,2 Sultan Mohsen Maashi,2 Hamood Khairat Al-Khairat,2 Omar Madiny Alganmy,2 Yasir Adnan Sahal,2 Abdulaziz Aaref Sharif,2 Mohamed Salih Mahfouz1 1Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Med...

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Autores principales:	Al Bahhawi T, Albasheer OB, Makeen AM, Arishi AM, Hakami OM, Maashi SM, Al-Khairat HK, Alganmy OM, Sahal YA, Sharif AA, Mahfouz MS
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	Depression anxiety stress DASS-21 khat use and Jazan Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2eccb011303f45e7847e0ecb9ea94499
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2eccb011303f45e7847e0ecb9ea944992021-12-02T00:40:01ZDepression, anxiety, and stress and their association with khat use: a cross-sectional study among Jazan University students, Saudi Arabia1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/2eccb011303f45e7847e0ecb9ea944992018-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/depression-anxiety-and-stress-and-their-association-with-khat-use-a-cr-peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Tariq Al Bahhawi,1 Osama B Albasheer,1 Anwar M Makeen,1 Abdulelah Mohammed Arishi,2 Othman Mohammed Hakami,2 Sultan Mohsen Maashi,2 Hamood Khairat Al-Khairat,2 Omar Madiny Alganmy,2 Yasir Adnan Sahal,2 Abdulaziz Aaref Sharif,2 Mohamed Salih Mahfouz1 1Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Background: Depression, anxiety, and stress levels are considered important indicators for mental health. Khat chewing habit is prevalent among all segments of Jazan population in Saudi Arabia. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress among Jazan University students, and information about the correlation between khat use and these disorders is scarce. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress and their correlation with khat chewing and other risk factors among Jazan University students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 642 students from Jazan University. Multistage sampling was used, with probability proportional to size-sampling technique. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 questionnaire was used to collect the data, which were analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0 software. Results: Moderate depression was prevalent among 53.6% of the sample, anxiety was found among 65.7%, while 34.3% of the students suffered from stress. Female gender was strongly associated with higher mean scores for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, with P-values <0.05 for all. Moreover, anxiety symptoms scores were statistically associated with grade point average and caffeine consumption. Khat use was statistically associated with higher mean scores of anxiety among males and a higher mean score of depression and anxiety among females. Conclusion: The results indicate a high rate of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among Jazan University students. Khat use was associated with anxiety, and a higher rate of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress was indicated among female students. Therefore, strategy for the prevention and management of depression, anxiety, and stress is highly recommended to minimize the impact of these serious disorders. Keywords: depression, anxiety, stress, DASS-21, khat use, and JazanAl Bahhawi TAlbasheer OBMakeen AMArishi AMHakami OMMaashi SMAl-Khairat HKAlganmy OMSahal YASharif AAMahfouz MSDove Medical PressarticleDepressionanxietystressDASS-21khat use and JazanNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 14, Pp 2755-2761 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Depression anxiety stress DASS-21 khat use and Jazan Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Depression anxiety stress DASS-21 khat use and Jazan Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Al Bahhawi T Albasheer OB Makeen AM Arishi AM Hakami OM Maashi SM Al-Khairat HK Alganmy OM Sahal YA Sharif AA Mahfouz MS Depression, anxiety, and stress and their association with khat use: a cross-sectional study among Jazan University students, Saudi Arabia
description	Tariq Al Bahhawi,1 Osama B Albasheer,1 Anwar M Makeen,1 Abdulelah Mohammed Arishi,2 Othman Mohammed Hakami,2 Sultan Mohsen Maashi,2 Hamood Khairat Al-Khairat,2 Omar Madiny Alganmy,2 Yasir Adnan Sahal,2 Abdulaziz Aaref Sharif,2 Mohamed Salih Mahfouz1 1Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Background: Depression, anxiety, and stress levels are considered important indicators for mental health. Khat chewing habit is prevalent among all segments of Jazan population in Saudi Arabia. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress among Jazan University students, and information about the correlation between khat use and these disorders is scarce. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress and their correlation with khat chewing and other risk factors among Jazan University students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 642 students from Jazan University. Multistage sampling was used, with probability proportional to size-sampling technique. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 questionnaire was used to collect the data, which were analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0 software. Results: Moderate depression was prevalent among 53.6% of the sample, anxiety was found among 65.7%, while 34.3% of the students suffered from stress. Female gender was strongly associated with higher mean scores for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, with P-values <0.05 for all. Moreover, anxiety symptoms scores were statistically associated with grade point average and caffeine consumption. Khat use was statistically associated with higher mean scores of anxiety among males and a higher mean score of depression and anxiety among females. Conclusion: The results indicate a high rate of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among Jazan University students. Khat use was associated with anxiety, and a higher rate of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress was indicated among female students. Therefore, strategy for the prevention and management of depression, anxiety, and stress is highly recommended to minimize the impact of these serious disorders. Keywords: depression, anxiety, stress, DASS-21, khat use, and Jazan
format	article
author	Al Bahhawi T Albasheer OB Makeen AM Arishi AM Hakami OM Maashi SM Al-Khairat HK Alganmy OM Sahal YA Sharif AA Mahfouz MS
author_facet	Al Bahhawi T Albasheer OB Makeen AM Arishi AM Hakami OM Maashi SM Al-Khairat HK Alganmy OM Sahal YA Sharif AA Mahfouz MS
author_sort	Al Bahhawi T
title	Depression, anxiety, and stress and their association with khat use: a cross-sectional study among Jazan University students, Saudi Arabia
title_short	Depression, anxiety, and stress and their association with khat use: a cross-sectional study among Jazan University students, Saudi Arabia
title_full	Depression, anxiety, and stress and their association with khat use: a cross-sectional study among Jazan University students, Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr	Depression, anxiety, and stress and their association with khat use: a cross-sectional study among Jazan University students, Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed	Depression, anxiety, and stress and their association with khat use: a cross-sectional study among Jazan University students, Saudi Arabia
title_sort	depression, anxiety, and stress and their association with khat use: a cross-sectional study among jazan university students, saudi arabia
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/2eccb011303f45e7847e0ecb9ea94499
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Depression, anxiety, and stress and their association with khat use: a cross-sectional study among Jazan University students, Saudi Arabia

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