Defining Fluoroquinolone Resistance-Mediating Mutations from Non-Resistance Polymorphisms in <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> Topoisomerases
Often dismissed as a commensal, <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> is an increasingly prominent target of research due to its role in septic arthritis and organ transplant failure in immunosuppressed patients, particularly lung transplantation. As a mollicute, its highly reductive genome and stru...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/2edb7604716b44d0a02ed95ba16e6f08 |
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| Sumario: | Often dismissed as a commensal, <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> is an increasingly prominent target of research due to its role in septic arthritis and organ transplant failure in immunosuppressed patients, particularly lung transplantation. As a mollicute, its highly reductive genome and structure render it refractile to most forms of treatment and growing levels of resistance to the few sources of treatment left, such as fluoroquinolones. We examined antimicrobial susceptibility (AST) to fluoroquinolones on 72 isolates and observed resistance in three (4.1%), with corresponding mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of S83L or E87G in <i>gyrA</i> and S81I or E85V in <i>parC</i>. However, there were high levels of polymorphism identified between all isolates outside of the QRDR, indicating caution for a genomics-led approach for resistance screening, particularly as we observed a further two quinolone-susceptible isolates solely containing <i>gyrA</i> mutation S83L. However, both isolates spontaneously developed a second spontaneous E85K <i>parC</i> mutation and resistance following prolonged incubation in 4 mg/L levofloxacin for an extra 24–48 h. Continued AST surveillance and investigation is required to understand how <i>gyrA</i> QRDR mutations predispose <i>M. hominis</i> to rapid spontaneous mutation and fluoroquinolone resistance, absent from other susceptible isolates. The unusually high prevalence of polymorphisms in <i>M. hominis</i> also warrants increased genomics’ surveillance. |
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