Effective Antimicrobial Solutions for Eradicating Multi-Resistant and β-Lactamase-Producing Nosocomial Gram-Negative Pathogens

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains one of the greatest public health-perturbing crises of the 21st century, where species have evolved a myriad of defence strategies to resist conventional therapy. The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC and carbapenemases in Gram-negative b...

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Autores principales:	Elaine Meade, Micheal Savage, Mary Garvey
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	multi-drug resistant nosocomial pathogens 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione intermediate-level disinfectants Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2ee2c4588a0141e2a596a25a052d9bce
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2ee2c4588a0141e2a596a25a052d9bce2021-11-25T16:21:55ZEffective Antimicrobial Solutions for Eradicating Multi-Resistant and β-Lactamase-Producing Nosocomial Gram-Negative Pathogens10.3390/antibiotics101112832079-6382https://doaj.org/article/2ee2c4588a0141e2a596a25a052d9bce2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/11/1283https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6382Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains one of the greatest public health-perturbing crises of the 21st century, where species have evolved a myriad of defence strategies to resist conventional therapy. The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC and carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is one such mechanism that currently poses a significant threat to the continuity of first-line and last-line β-lactam agents, where multi-drug-resistant GNB currently warrant a pandemic on their own merit. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has long recognised the need for an improved and coordinated global effort to contain these pathogens, where two factors in particular, international travel and exposure to antimicrobials, play an important role in the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes. Studies described herein assess the resistance patterns of isolated nosocomial pathogens, where levels of resistance were detected using recognised in vitro methods. Additionally, studies conducted extensively investigated alternative biocide (namely peracetic acid, triameen and benzalkonium chloride) and therapeutic options (specifically 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione), where the levels of induced endotoxin from <i>E. coli</i> were also studied for the latter. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed there was a significant association between multi-drug resistance and ESBL production, where the WHO critical-priority pathogens, namely <i>E. coli</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>A. baumannii</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, exhibited among the greatest levels of multi-drug resistance. Novel compound 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) shows promising antimicrobial activity, with MICs determined for all bacterial species, where levels of induced endotoxin varied depending on the concentration used. Tested biocide agents show potential to act as intermediate-level disinfectants in hospital settings, where all tested clinical isolates were susceptible to treatment.Elaine MeadeMicheal SavageMary GarveyMDPI AGarticlemulti-drug resistantnosocomial pathogens1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dioneintermediate-level disinfectantsTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntibiotics, Vol 10, Iss 1283, p 1283 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	multi-drug resistant nosocomial pathogens 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione intermediate-level disinfectants Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	multi-drug resistant nosocomial pathogens 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione intermediate-level disinfectants Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Elaine Meade Micheal Savage Mary Garvey Effective Antimicrobial Solutions for Eradicating Multi-Resistant and β-Lactamase-Producing Nosocomial Gram-Negative Pathogens
description	Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains one of the greatest public health-perturbing crises of the 21st century, where species have evolved a myriad of defence strategies to resist conventional therapy. The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC and carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is one such mechanism that currently poses a significant threat to the continuity of first-line and last-line β-lactam agents, where multi-drug-resistant GNB currently warrant a pandemic on their own merit. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has long recognised the need for an improved and coordinated global effort to contain these pathogens, where two factors in particular, international travel and exposure to antimicrobials, play an important role in the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes. Studies described herein assess the resistance patterns of isolated nosocomial pathogens, where levels of resistance were detected using recognised in vitro methods. Additionally, studies conducted extensively investigated alternative biocide (namely peracetic acid, triameen and benzalkonium chloride) and therapeutic options (specifically 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione), where the levels of induced endotoxin from <i>E. coli</i> were also studied for the latter. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed there was a significant association between multi-drug resistance and ESBL production, where the WHO critical-priority pathogens, namely <i>E. coli</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>A. baumannii</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, exhibited among the greatest levels of multi-drug resistance. Novel compound 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) shows promising antimicrobial activity, with MICs determined for all bacterial species, where levels of induced endotoxin varied depending on the concentration used. Tested biocide agents show potential to act as intermediate-level disinfectants in hospital settings, where all tested clinical isolates were susceptible to treatment.
format	article
author	Elaine Meade Micheal Savage Mary Garvey
author_facet	Elaine Meade Micheal Savage Mary Garvey
author_sort	Elaine Meade
title	Effective Antimicrobial Solutions for Eradicating Multi-Resistant and β-Lactamase-Producing Nosocomial Gram-Negative Pathogens
title_short	Effective Antimicrobial Solutions for Eradicating Multi-Resistant and β-Lactamase-Producing Nosocomial Gram-Negative Pathogens
title_full	Effective Antimicrobial Solutions for Eradicating Multi-Resistant and β-Lactamase-Producing Nosocomial Gram-Negative Pathogens
title_fullStr	Effective Antimicrobial Solutions for Eradicating Multi-Resistant and β-Lactamase-Producing Nosocomial Gram-Negative Pathogens
title_full_unstemmed	Effective Antimicrobial Solutions for Eradicating Multi-Resistant and β-Lactamase-Producing Nosocomial Gram-Negative Pathogens
title_sort	effective antimicrobial solutions for eradicating multi-resistant and β-lactamase-producing nosocomial gram-negative pathogens
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2ee2c4588a0141e2a596a25a052d9bce
work_keys_str_mv	AT elainemeade effectiveantimicrobialsolutionsforeradicatingmultiresistantandblactamaseproducingnosocomialgramnegativepathogens AT michealsavage effectiveantimicrobialsolutionsforeradicatingmultiresistantandblactamaseproducingnosocomialgramnegativepathogens AT marygarvey effectiveantimicrobialsolutionsforeradicatingmultiresistantandblactamaseproducingnosocomialgramnegativepathogens
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Effective Antimicrobial Solutions for Eradicating Multi-Resistant and β-Lactamase-Producing Nosocomial Gram-Negative Pathogens

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