Comparing different pretreatments at transplanting stage for acclimation of walnut trees to hot and dry conditions

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a drought and heat-sensitive plant. These sensitivities are intensified with young plants which are grown in greenhouse nurseries. We subjected one-year-old greenhouse-grown walnut 'Chandler' trees to different pretreatments [long-term water stress, controlled...

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Autores principales:	Soheil Karimi, Fariba Ehterami-Fini
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Osmotic adjustment Proline Glycine betaine Transpiration rate Net photosynthesis Drought stress Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2ee7c666be73475887ce63876523dc57
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2ee7c666be73475887ce63876523dc572021-12-04T04:36:39ZComparing different pretreatments at transplanting stage for acclimation of walnut trees to hot and dry conditions2667-064X10.1016/j.stress.2021.100036https://doaj.org/article/2ee7c666be73475887ce63876523dc572021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X2100035Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2667-064XWalnut (Juglans regia L.) is a drought and heat-sensitive plant. These sensitivities are intensified with young plants which are grown in greenhouse nurseries. We subjected one-year-old greenhouse-grown walnut 'Chandler' trees to different pretreatments [long-term water stress, controlled salinity stress, and foliar application of β-aminobutyric acid (BABA)] for acclimation to unfavorable conditions after transplantation. Then, the plants were transplanted into hot and dry conditions to evaluate efficiency of different preconditioning treatments in acclimation of the plants to deleterious environmental conditions. Investigating the plants' responses to the pretreatments for understanding activated adaptation mechanisms indicated that the pretreatments have induced osmotic adjustment (OA) in leaves. In this regard, the salinity pretreatment was the most effective treatment. For OA, proline accumulation was more effective than soluble sugars. However, glycine betaine was not involved in OA. The pretreatments sensitized stomatal responses to drought, according to limitation of water loss from detached leaves. Ninety days after transplantation, the preconditioned plants had higher biomass than the control plants. The major reasons were the prevention of leaf abscission and chlorophyll degradation. Moreover, improved water conservation ability in the preconditioned plants enhanced leaf expansion, photosynthesis rate and biomass accumulation in plants' organs. Restriction of stomatal conductance for water conservation in the control plants resulted in photosynthesis inhibition, heat accumulation, and vigor loss. The efficiency of BABA and salinity stress in acclimation of walnut to deleterious environmental conditions was higher than water stress. However, BABA foliar application as the safest and least complicated pretreatment was suggested in a drought/heat acclimation strategy in walnut.Soheil KarimiFariba Ehterami-FiniElsevierarticleOsmotic adjustmentProlineGlycine betaineTranspiration rateNet photosynthesisDrought stressPlant ecologyQK900-989ENPlant Stress, Vol 2, Iss , Pp 100036- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Osmotic adjustment Proline Glycine betaine Transpiration rate Net photosynthesis Drought stress Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	Osmotic adjustment Proline Glycine betaine Transpiration rate Net photosynthesis Drought stress Plant ecology QK900-989 Soheil Karimi Fariba Ehterami-Fini Comparing different pretreatments at transplanting stage for acclimation of walnut trees to hot and dry conditions
description	Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a drought and heat-sensitive plant. These sensitivities are intensified with young plants which are grown in greenhouse nurseries. We subjected one-year-old greenhouse-grown walnut 'Chandler' trees to different pretreatments [long-term water stress, controlled salinity stress, and foliar application of β-aminobutyric acid (BABA)] for acclimation to unfavorable conditions after transplantation. Then, the plants were transplanted into hot and dry conditions to evaluate efficiency of different preconditioning treatments in acclimation of the plants to deleterious environmental conditions. Investigating the plants' responses to the pretreatments for understanding activated adaptation mechanisms indicated that the pretreatments have induced osmotic adjustment (OA) in leaves. In this regard, the salinity pretreatment was the most effective treatment. For OA, proline accumulation was more effective than soluble sugars. However, glycine betaine was not involved in OA. The pretreatments sensitized stomatal responses to drought, according to limitation of water loss from detached leaves. Ninety days after transplantation, the preconditioned plants had higher biomass than the control plants. The major reasons were the prevention of leaf abscission and chlorophyll degradation. Moreover, improved water conservation ability in the preconditioned plants enhanced leaf expansion, photosynthesis rate and biomass accumulation in plants' organs. Restriction of stomatal conductance for water conservation in the control plants resulted in photosynthesis inhibition, heat accumulation, and vigor loss. The efficiency of BABA and salinity stress in acclimation of walnut to deleterious environmental conditions was higher than water stress. However, BABA foliar application as the safest and least complicated pretreatment was suggested in a drought/heat acclimation strategy in walnut.
format	article
author	Soheil Karimi Fariba Ehterami-Fini
author_facet	Soheil Karimi Fariba Ehterami-Fini
author_sort	Soheil Karimi
title	Comparing different pretreatments at transplanting stage for acclimation of walnut trees to hot and dry conditions
title_short	Comparing different pretreatments at transplanting stage for acclimation of walnut trees to hot and dry conditions
title_full	Comparing different pretreatments at transplanting stage for acclimation of walnut trees to hot and dry conditions
title_fullStr	Comparing different pretreatments at transplanting stage for acclimation of walnut trees to hot and dry conditions
title_full_unstemmed	Comparing different pretreatments at transplanting stage for acclimation of walnut trees to hot and dry conditions
title_sort	comparing different pretreatments at transplanting stage for acclimation of walnut trees to hot and dry conditions
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2ee7c666be73475887ce63876523dc57
work_keys_str_mv	AT soheilkarimi comparingdifferentpretreatmentsattransplantingstageforacclimationofwalnuttreestohotanddryconditions AT faribaehteramifini comparingdifferentpretreatmentsattransplantingstageforacclimationofwalnuttreestohotanddryconditions
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Comparing different pretreatments at transplanting stage for acclimation of walnut trees to hot and dry conditions

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