Face Coverings, Aerosol Dispersion and Mitigation of Virus Transmission Risk

The SARS-CoV-2 virus is primarily transmitted through virus-laden fluid particles ejected from the mouth of infected people. Face covers can mitigate the risk of virus transmission but their outward effectiveness is not fully ascertained. <italic>Objective:</italic> by using a background...

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Autores principales:	Ignazio Maria Viola, Brian Peterson, Gabriele Pisetta, Geethanjali Pavar, Hibbah Akhtar, Filippo Menoloascina, Enzo Mangano, Katherine E. Dunn, Roman Gabl, Alex Nila, Emanuela Molinari, Cathal Cummins, Gerard Thompson, Tsz-Yan Milly Lo, Fiona C. Denison, Paul Digard, Omair Malik, Mark J. G. Dunn, Catherine M. McDougall, Felicity V. Mehendale
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IEEE 2021
Materias:	COVID-19 pandemic face coverings face masks aerosol dispersal aerosol generating procedures Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics R858-859.7 Medical technology R855-855.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2efcee0d775a4c3aba1b7dfa01747d71
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2efcee0d775a4c3aba1b7dfa01747d712021-11-26T00:02:06ZFace Coverings, Aerosol Dispersion and Mitigation of Virus Transmission Risk2644-127610.1109/OJEMB.2021.3053215https://doaj.org/article/2efcee0d775a4c3aba1b7dfa01747d712021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9329130/https://doaj.org/toc/2644-1276The SARS-CoV-2 virus is primarily transmitted through virus-laden fluid particles ejected from the mouth of infected people. Face covers can mitigate the risk of virus transmission but their outward effectiveness is not fully ascertained. <italic>Objective:</italic> by using a background oriented schlieren technique, we aim to investigate the air flow ejected by a person while quietly and heavily breathing, while coughing, and with different face covers. <italic>Results:</italic> we found that all face covers without an outlet valve reduce the front flow through by at least 63% and perhaps as high as 86% if the unfiltered cough jet distance was resolved to the anticipated maximum distance of 2-3 m. However, surgical and handmade masks, and face shields, generate significant leakage jets that may present major hazards. <italic>Conclusions:</italic> the effectiveness of the masks should mostly be considered based on the generation of secondary jets rather than on the ability to mitigate the front throughflow.Ignazio Maria ViolaBrian PetersonGabriele PisettaGeethanjali PavarHibbah AkhtarFilippo MenoloascinaEnzo ManganoKatherine E. DunnRoman GablAlex NilaEmanuela MolinariCathal CumminsGerard ThompsonTsz-Yan Milly LoFiona C. DenisonPaul DigardOmair MalikMark J. G. DunnCatherine M. McDougallFelicity V. MehendaleIEEEarticleCOVID-19 pandemicface coveringsface masksaerosol dispersalaerosol generating proceduresComputer applications to medicine. Medical informaticsR858-859.7Medical technologyR855-855.5ENIEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Vol 2, Pp 26-35 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 pandemic face coverings face masks aerosol dispersal aerosol generating procedures Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics R858-859.7 Medical technology R855-855.5
spellingShingle	COVID-19 pandemic face coverings face masks aerosol dispersal aerosol generating procedures Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics R858-859.7 Medical technology R855-855.5 Ignazio Maria Viola Brian Peterson Gabriele Pisetta Geethanjali Pavar Hibbah Akhtar Filippo Menoloascina Enzo Mangano Katherine E. Dunn Roman Gabl Alex Nila Emanuela Molinari Cathal Cummins Gerard Thompson Tsz-Yan Milly Lo Fiona C. Denison Paul Digard Omair Malik Mark J. G. Dunn Catherine M. McDougall Felicity V. Mehendale Face Coverings, Aerosol Dispersion and Mitigation of Virus Transmission Risk
description	The SARS-CoV-2 virus is primarily transmitted through virus-laden fluid particles ejected from the mouth of infected people. Face covers can mitigate the risk of virus transmission but their outward effectiveness is not fully ascertained. <italic>Objective:</italic> by using a background oriented schlieren technique, we aim to investigate the air flow ejected by a person while quietly and heavily breathing, while coughing, and with different face covers. <italic>Results:</italic> we found that all face covers without an outlet valve reduce the front flow through by at least 63% and perhaps as high as 86% if the unfiltered cough jet distance was resolved to the anticipated maximum distance of 2-3 m. However, surgical and handmade masks, and face shields, generate significant leakage jets that may present major hazards. <italic>Conclusions:</italic> the effectiveness of the masks should mostly be considered based on the generation of secondary jets rather than on the ability to mitigate the front throughflow.
format	article
author	Ignazio Maria Viola Brian Peterson Gabriele Pisetta Geethanjali Pavar Hibbah Akhtar Filippo Menoloascina Enzo Mangano Katherine E. Dunn Roman Gabl Alex Nila Emanuela Molinari Cathal Cummins Gerard Thompson Tsz-Yan Milly Lo Fiona C. Denison Paul Digard Omair Malik Mark J. G. Dunn Catherine M. McDougall Felicity V. Mehendale
author_facet	Ignazio Maria Viola Brian Peterson Gabriele Pisetta Geethanjali Pavar Hibbah Akhtar Filippo Menoloascina Enzo Mangano Katherine E. Dunn Roman Gabl Alex Nila Emanuela Molinari Cathal Cummins Gerard Thompson Tsz-Yan Milly Lo Fiona C. Denison Paul Digard Omair Malik Mark J. G. Dunn Catherine M. McDougall Felicity V. Mehendale
author_sort	Ignazio Maria Viola
title	Face Coverings, Aerosol Dispersion and Mitigation of Virus Transmission Risk
title_short	Face Coverings, Aerosol Dispersion and Mitigation of Virus Transmission Risk
title_full	Face Coverings, Aerosol Dispersion and Mitigation of Virus Transmission Risk
title_fullStr	Face Coverings, Aerosol Dispersion and Mitigation of Virus Transmission Risk
title_full_unstemmed	Face Coverings, Aerosol Dispersion and Mitigation of Virus Transmission Risk
title_sort	face coverings, aerosol dispersion and mitigation of virus transmission risk
publisher	IEEE
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2efcee0d775a4c3aba1b7dfa01747d71
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Face Coverings, Aerosol Dispersion and Mitigation of Virus Transmission Risk

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