Cetacean Acoustic Welfare in Wild and Managed-Care Settings: Gaps and Opportunities

Cetaceans are potentially at risk of poor welfare due to the animals’ natural reliance on sound and the persistent nature of anthropogenic noise, especially in the wild. Industrial, commercial, and recreational human activity has expanded across the seas, resulting in a propagation of sound with var...

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Autores principales:	Paige E. Stevens, Heather M. Hill, Jason N. Bruck
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	anthropogenic noise welfare cetaceans marine mammals managed-care Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2f08ee48458d4a4194de6a38f1925d59
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2f08ee48458d4a4194de6a38f1925d592021-11-25T16:21:16ZCetacean Acoustic Welfare in Wild and Managed-Care Settings: Gaps and Opportunities10.3390/ani111133122076-2615https://doaj.org/article/2f08ee48458d4a4194de6a38f1925d592021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3312https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Cetaceans are potentially at risk of poor welfare due to the animals’ natural reliance on sound and the persistent nature of anthropogenic noise, especially in the wild. Industrial, commercial, and recreational human activity has expanded across the seas, resulting in a propagation of sound with varying frequency characteristics. In many countries, current regulations are based on the potential to induce hearing loss; however, a more nuanced approach is needed when shaping regulations, due to other non-hearing loss effects including activation of the stress response, acoustic masking, frequency shifts, alterations in behavior, and decreased foraging. Cetaceans in managed-care settings share the same acoustic characteristics as their wild counterparts, but face different environmental parameters. There have been steps to integrate work on welfare in the wild and in managed-care contexts, and the domain of acoustics offers the opportunity to inform and connect information from both managed-care settings and the wild. Studies of subjects in managed-care give controls not available to wild studies, yet because of the conservation implications, wild studies on welfare impacts of the acoustic environment on cetaceans have largely been the focus, rather than those in captive settings. A deep integration of wild and managed-care-based acoustic welfare research can complement discovery in both domains, as captive studies can provide greater experimental control, while the more comprehensive domain of wild noise studies can help determine the gaps in managed-care based acoustic welfare science. We advocate for a new paradigm in anthropogenic noise research, recognizing the value that both wild and managed-care research plays in illustrating how noise pollution affects welfare including physiology, behavior, and cognition.Paige E. StevensHeather M. HillJason N. BruckMDPI AGarticleanthropogenic noisewelfarecetaceansmarine mammalsmanaged-careVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3312, p 3312 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	anthropogenic noise welfare cetaceans marine mammals managed-care Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	anthropogenic noise welfare cetaceans marine mammals managed-care Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Paige E. Stevens Heather M. Hill Jason N. Bruck Cetacean Acoustic Welfare in Wild and Managed-Care Settings: Gaps and Opportunities
description	Cetaceans are potentially at risk of poor welfare due to the animals’ natural reliance on sound and the persistent nature of anthropogenic noise, especially in the wild. Industrial, commercial, and recreational human activity has expanded across the seas, resulting in a propagation of sound with varying frequency characteristics. In many countries, current regulations are based on the potential to induce hearing loss; however, a more nuanced approach is needed when shaping regulations, due to other non-hearing loss effects including activation of the stress response, acoustic masking, frequency shifts, alterations in behavior, and decreased foraging. Cetaceans in managed-care settings share the same acoustic characteristics as their wild counterparts, but face different environmental parameters. There have been steps to integrate work on welfare in the wild and in managed-care contexts, and the domain of acoustics offers the opportunity to inform and connect information from both managed-care settings and the wild. Studies of subjects in managed-care give controls not available to wild studies, yet because of the conservation implications, wild studies on welfare impacts of the acoustic environment on cetaceans have largely been the focus, rather than those in captive settings. A deep integration of wild and managed-care-based acoustic welfare research can complement discovery in both domains, as captive studies can provide greater experimental control, while the more comprehensive domain of wild noise studies can help determine the gaps in managed-care based acoustic welfare science. We advocate for a new paradigm in anthropogenic noise research, recognizing the value that both wild and managed-care research plays in illustrating how noise pollution affects welfare including physiology, behavior, and cognition.
format	article
author	Paige E. Stevens Heather M. Hill Jason N. Bruck
author_facet	Paige E. Stevens Heather M. Hill Jason N. Bruck
author_sort	Paige E. Stevens
title	Cetacean Acoustic Welfare in Wild and Managed-Care Settings: Gaps and Opportunities
title_short	Cetacean Acoustic Welfare in Wild and Managed-Care Settings: Gaps and Opportunities
title_full	Cetacean Acoustic Welfare in Wild and Managed-Care Settings: Gaps and Opportunities
title_fullStr	Cetacean Acoustic Welfare in Wild and Managed-Care Settings: Gaps and Opportunities
title_full_unstemmed	Cetacean Acoustic Welfare in Wild and Managed-Care Settings: Gaps and Opportunities
title_sort	cetacean acoustic welfare in wild and managed-care settings: gaps and opportunities
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2f08ee48458d4a4194de6a38f1925d59
work_keys_str_mv	AT paigeestevens cetaceanacousticwelfareinwildandmanagedcaresettingsgapsandopportunities AT heathermhill cetaceanacousticwelfareinwildandmanagedcaresettingsgapsandopportunities AT jasonnbruck cetaceanacousticwelfareinwildandmanagedcaresettingsgapsandopportunities
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Cetacean Acoustic Welfare in Wild and Managed-Care Settings: Gaps and Opportunities

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