Antibiotic resistance modifying ability of phytoextracts in anthrax biological agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbugs: a review of synergistic mechanisms

Abstract Background and objectives The chemotherapeutic management of infections has become challenging due to the global emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. The recent expansion of studies on plant-derived natural products has lead to the discovery of a plethora of phytochemicals...

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Autores principales:	Mackingsley Kushan Dassanayake, Teng-Jin Khoo, Jia An
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Phytochemicals Antibiotic-potentiating Growth inhibitory indices Fractional inhibitory concentration index Superbug bacteria Anthrax Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2f1f2a31694348548c1fe54820e14be6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2f1f2a31694348548c1fe54820e14be62021-12-05T12:07:55ZAntibiotic resistance modifying ability of phytoextracts in anthrax biological agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbugs: a review of synergistic mechanisms10.1186/s12941-021-00485-01476-0711https://doaj.org/article/2f1f2a31694348548c1fe54820e14be62021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-021-00485-0https://doaj.org/toc/1476-0711Abstract Background and objectives The chemotherapeutic management of infections has become challenging due to the global emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. The recent expansion of studies on plant-derived natural products has lead to the discovery of a plethora of phytochemicals with the potential to combat bacterial drug resistance via various mechanisms of action. This review paper summarizes the primary antibiotic resistance mechanisms of bacteria and also discusses the antibiotic-potentiating ability of phytoextracts and various classes of isolated phytochemicals in reversing antibiotic resistance in anthrax agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbug bacteria. Methods Growth inhibitory indices and fractional inhibitory concentration index were applied to evaluate the in vitro synergistic activity of phytoextract-antibiotic combinations in general. Findings A number of studies have indicated that plant-derived natural compounds are capable of significantly reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration of standard antibiotics by altering drug-resistance mechanisms of B. anthracis and other superbug infection causing bacteria. Phytochemical compounds allicin, oleanolic acid, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin and Jatropha curcas extracts were exceptional synergistic potentiators of various standard antibiotics. Conclusion Considering these facts, phytochemicals represents a valuable and novel source of bioactive compounds with potent antibiotic synergism to modulate bacterial drug-resistance.Mackingsley Kushan DassanayakeTeng-Jin KhooJia AnBMCarticlePhytochemicalsAntibiotic-potentiatingGrowth inhibitory indicesFractional inhibitory concentration indexSuperbug bacteriaAnthraxTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950Infectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216MicrobiologyQR1-502ENAnnals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-36 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Phytochemicals Antibiotic-potentiating Growth inhibitory indices Fractional inhibitory concentration index Superbug bacteria Anthrax Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Phytochemicals Antibiotic-potentiating Growth inhibitory indices Fractional inhibitory concentration index Superbug bacteria Anthrax Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Microbiology QR1-502 Mackingsley Kushan Dassanayake Teng-Jin Khoo Jia An Antibiotic resistance modifying ability of phytoextracts in anthrax biological agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbugs: a review of synergistic mechanisms
description	Abstract Background and objectives The chemotherapeutic management of infections has become challenging due to the global emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. The recent expansion of studies on plant-derived natural products has lead to the discovery of a plethora of phytochemicals with the potential to combat bacterial drug resistance via various mechanisms of action. This review paper summarizes the primary antibiotic resistance mechanisms of bacteria and also discusses the antibiotic-potentiating ability of phytoextracts and various classes of isolated phytochemicals in reversing antibiotic resistance in anthrax agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbug bacteria. Methods Growth inhibitory indices and fractional inhibitory concentration index were applied to evaluate the in vitro synergistic activity of phytoextract-antibiotic combinations in general. Findings A number of studies have indicated that plant-derived natural compounds are capable of significantly reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration of standard antibiotics by altering drug-resistance mechanisms of B. anthracis and other superbug infection causing bacteria. Phytochemical compounds allicin, oleanolic acid, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin and Jatropha curcas extracts were exceptional synergistic potentiators of various standard antibiotics. Conclusion Considering these facts, phytochemicals represents a valuable and novel source of bioactive compounds with potent antibiotic synergism to modulate bacterial drug-resistance.
format	article
author	Mackingsley Kushan Dassanayake Teng-Jin Khoo Jia An
author_facet	Mackingsley Kushan Dassanayake Teng-Jin Khoo Jia An
author_sort	Mackingsley Kushan Dassanayake
title	Antibiotic resistance modifying ability of phytoextracts in anthrax biological agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbugs: a review of synergistic mechanisms
title_short	Antibiotic resistance modifying ability of phytoextracts in anthrax biological agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbugs: a review of synergistic mechanisms
title_full	Antibiotic resistance modifying ability of phytoextracts in anthrax biological agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbugs: a review of synergistic mechanisms
title_fullStr	Antibiotic resistance modifying ability of phytoextracts in anthrax biological agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbugs: a review of synergistic mechanisms
title_full_unstemmed	Antibiotic resistance modifying ability of phytoextracts in anthrax biological agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbugs: a review of synergistic mechanisms
title_sort	antibiotic resistance modifying ability of phytoextracts in anthrax biological agent bacillus anthracis and emerging superbugs: a review of synergistic mechanisms
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2f1f2a31694348548c1fe54820e14be6
work_keys_str_mv	AT mackingsleykushandassanayake antibioticresistancemodifyingabilityofphytoextractsinanthraxbiologicalagentbacillusanthracisandemergingsuperbugsareviewofsynergisticmechanisms AT tengjinkhoo antibioticresistancemodifyingabilityofphytoextractsinanthraxbiologicalagentbacillusanthracisandemergingsuperbugsareviewofsynergisticmechanisms AT jiaan antibioticresistancemodifyingabilityofphytoextractsinanthraxbiologicalagentbacillusanthracisandemergingsuperbugsareviewofsynergisticmechanisms
_version_	1718372181541388288

Antibiotic resistance modifying ability of phytoextracts in anthrax biological agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbugs: a review of synergistic mechanisms

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