The role of urbanisation in the spread of Aedes mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit-A systematic review.

<h4>Background</h4>This systematic review aims to assess how different urbanisation patterns related to rapid urban growth, unplanned expansion, and human population density affect the establishment and distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and create favourable conditions f...

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Autores principales:	Antonios Kolimenakis, Sabine Heinz, Michael Lowery Wilson, Volker Winkler, Laith Yakob, Antonios Michaelakis, Dimitrios Papachristos, Clive Richardson, Olaf Horstick
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2f36531323d04d0eb411180cb69ea69a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2f36531323d04d0eb411180cb69ea69a2021-12-02T20:24:09ZThe role of urbanisation in the spread of Aedes mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit-A systematic review.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009631https://doaj.org/article/2f36531323d04d0eb411180cb69ea69a2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009631https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>This systematic review aims to assess how different urbanisation patterns related to rapid urban growth, unplanned expansion, and human population density affect the establishment and distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and create favourable conditions for the spread of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane, WHO Library Database (WHOLIS), Google Scholar, and and the Institutional Repository for Information Sharing (IRIS) databases. From a total of 523 identified studies, 86 were selected for further analysis, and 29 were finally analysed after applying all inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main explanatory variables used to associate urbanisation with epidemiological/entomological outcomes were the following: human population density, urban growth, artificial geographical space, urban construction, and urban density. Associated with the lack of a global definition of urbanisation, several studies provided their own definitions, which represents one of the study's limitations. Results were based on 8 ecological studies/models, 8 entomological surveillance studies, 7 epidemiological surveillance studies, and 6 studies consisting of spatial and predictive models. According to their focus, studies were categorised into 2 main subgroups, namely "Aedes ecology" and "transmission dynamics." There was a consistent association between urbanisation and the distribution and density of Aedes mosquitoes in 14 of the studies and a strong relationship between vector abundance and disease transmission in 18 studies. Human population density of more than 1,000 inhabitants per square kilometer was associated with increased levels of arboviral diseases in 15 of the studies.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The use of different methods in the included studies highlights the interplay of multiple factors linking urbanisation with ecological, entomological, and epidemiological parameters and the need to consider a variety of these factors for designing effective public health approaches.Antonios KolimenakisSabine HeinzMichael Lowery WilsonVolker WinklerLaith YakobAntonios MichaelakisDimitrios PapachristosClive RichardsonOlaf HorstickPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 9, p e0009631 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Antonios Kolimenakis Sabine Heinz Michael Lowery Wilson Volker Winkler Laith Yakob Antonios Michaelakis Dimitrios Papachristos Clive Richardson Olaf Horstick The role of urbanisation in the spread of Aedes mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit-A systematic review.
description	<h4>Background</h4>This systematic review aims to assess how different urbanisation patterns related to rapid urban growth, unplanned expansion, and human population density affect the establishment and distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and create favourable conditions for the spread of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane, WHO Library Database (WHOLIS), Google Scholar, and and the Institutional Repository for Information Sharing (IRIS) databases. From a total of 523 identified studies, 86 were selected for further analysis, and 29 were finally analysed after applying all inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main explanatory variables used to associate urbanisation with epidemiological/entomological outcomes were the following: human population density, urban growth, artificial geographical space, urban construction, and urban density. Associated with the lack of a global definition of urbanisation, several studies provided their own definitions, which represents one of the study's limitations. Results were based on 8 ecological studies/models, 8 entomological surveillance studies, 7 epidemiological surveillance studies, and 6 studies consisting of spatial and predictive models. According to their focus, studies were categorised into 2 main subgroups, namely "Aedes ecology" and "transmission dynamics." There was a consistent association between urbanisation and the distribution and density of Aedes mosquitoes in 14 of the studies and a strong relationship between vector abundance and disease transmission in 18 studies. Human population density of more than 1,000 inhabitants per square kilometer was associated with increased levels of arboviral diseases in 15 of the studies.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The use of different methods in the included studies highlights the interplay of multiple factors linking urbanisation with ecological, entomological, and epidemiological parameters and the need to consider a variety of these factors for designing effective public health approaches.
format	article
author	Antonios Kolimenakis Sabine Heinz Michael Lowery Wilson Volker Winkler Laith Yakob Antonios Michaelakis Dimitrios Papachristos Clive Richardson Olaf Horstick
author_facet	Antonios Kolimenakis Sabine Heinz Michael Lowery Wilson Volker Winkler Laith Yakob Antonios Michaelakis Dimitrios Papachristos Clive Richardson Olaf Horstick
author_sort	Antonios Kolimenakis
title	The role of urbanisation in the spread of Aedes mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit-A systematic review.
title_short	The role of urbanisation in the spread of Aedes mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit-A systematic review.
title_full	The role of urbanisation in the spread of Aedes mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit-A systematic review.
title_fullStr	The role of urbanisation in the spread of Aedes mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit-A systematic review.
title_full_unstemmed	The role of urbanisation in the spread of Aedes mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit-A systematic review.
title_sort	role of urbanisation in the spread of aedes mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit-a systematic review.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2f36531323d04d0eb411180cb69ea69a
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The role of urbanisation in the spread of Aedes mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit-A systematic review.

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