Gut Virome Analysis of Cameroonians Reveals High Diversity of Enteric Viruses, Including Potential Interspecies Transmitted Viruses

ABSTRACT Diarrhea remains one of the most common causes of deaths in children. A limited number of studies have investigated the prevalence of enteric pathogens in Cameroon, and as in many other African countries, the cause of many diarrheal episodes remains unexplained. A proportion of these unknow...

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Autores principales:	Claude Kwe Yinda, Emiel Vanhulle, Nádia Conceição-Neto, Leen Beller, Ward Deboutte, Chenyan Shi, Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu, Piet Maes, Marc Van Ranst, Jelle Matthijnssens
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	Cameroon gut human virome Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2f3e74247663423dab0a4affa4ca108d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2f3e74247663423dab0a4affa4ca108d2021-11-15T15:22:05ZGut Virome Analysis of Cameroonians Reveals High Diversity of Enteric Viruses, Including Potential Interspecies Transmitted Viruses10.1128/mSphere.00585-182379-5042https://doaj.org/article/2f3e74247663423dab0a4affa4ca108d2019-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00585-18https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Diarrhea remains one of the most common causes of deaths in children. A limited number of studies have investigated the prevalence of enteric pathogens in Cameroon, and as in many other African countries, the cause of many diarrheal episodes remains unexplained. A proportion of these unknown cases of diarrhea are likely caused by yet-unidentified viral agents, some of which could be the result of (recent) interspecies transmission from animal reservoirs, like bats. Using viral metagenomics, we screened fecal samples of 221 humans (almost all with gastroenteritis symptoms) between 0 and 89 years of age with different degrees of bat contact. We identified viruses belonging to families that are known to cause gastroenteritis such as Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae, and Reoviridae. Interestingly, a mammalian orthoreovirus, picobirnaviruses, a smacovirus, and a pecovirus were also found. Although there was no evidence of interspecies transmission of the most common human gastroenteritis-related viruses (Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, and Reoviridae), the phylogenies of the identified orthoreovirus, picobirnavirus, and smacovirus indicate a genetic relatedness of these viruses identified in stools of humans and those of bats and/or other animals. These findings points out the possibility of interspecies transmission or simply a shared host of these viruses (bacterial, fungal, parasitic, …) present in both animals (bats) and humans. Further screening of bat viruses in humans or vice versa will elucidate the epidemiological potential threats of animal viruses to human health. Furthermore, this study showed a huge diversity of highly divergent novel phages, thereby expanding the existing phageome considerably. IMPORTANCE Despite the availability of diagnostic tools for different enteric viral pathogens, a large fraction of human cases of gastroenteritis remains unexplained. This could be due to pathogens not tested for or novel divergent viruses of potential animal origin. Fecal virome analyses of Cameroonians showed a very diverse group of viruses, some of which are genetically related to those identified in animals. This is the first attempt to describe the gut virome of humans from Cameroon. Therefore, the data represent a baseline for future studies on enteric viral pathogens in this area and contribute to our knowledge of the world’s virome. The studies also highlight the fact that more viruses may be associated with diarrhea than the typical known ones. Hence, it provides meaningful epidemiological information on diarrhea-related viruses in this area.Claude Kwe YindaEmiel VanhulleNádia Conceição-NetoLeen BellerWard DeboutteChenyan ShiStephen Mbigha GhogomuPiet MaesMarc Van RanstJelle MatthijnssensAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleCameroonguthumanviromeMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 4, Iss 1 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Cameroon gut human virome Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Cameroon gut human virome Microbiology QR1-502 Claude Kwe Yinda Emiel Vanhulle Nádia Conceição-Neto Leen Beller Ward Deboutte Chenyan Shi Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu Piet Maes Marc Van Ranst Jelle Matthijnssens Gut Virome Analysis of Cameroonians Reveals High Diversity of Enteric Viruses, Including Potential Interspecies Transmitted Viruses
description	ABSTRACT Diarrhea remains one of the most common causes of deaths in children. A limited number of studies have investigated the prevalence of enteric pathogens in Cameroon, and as in many other African countries, the cause of many diarrheal episodes remains unexplained. A proportion of these unknown cases of diarrhea are likely caused by yet-unidentified viral agents, some of which could be the result of (recent) interspecies transmission from animal reservoirs, like bats. Using viral metagenomics, we screened fecal samples of 221 humans (almost all with gastroenteritis symptoms) between 0 and 89 years of age with different degrees of bat contact. We identified viruses belonging to families that are known to cause gastroenteritis such as Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae, and Reoviridae. Interestingly, a mammalian orthoreovirus, picobirnaviruses, a smacovirus, and a pecovirus were also found. Although there was no evidence of interspecies transmission of the most common human gastroenteritis-related viruses (Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, and Reoviridae), the phylogenies of the identified orthoreovirus, picobirnavirus, and smacovirus indicate a genetic relatedness of these viruses identified in stools of humans and those of bats and/or other animals. These findings points out the possibility of interspecies transmission or simply a shared host of these viruses (bacterial, fungal, parasitic, …) present in both animals (bats) and humans. Further screening of bat viruses in humans or vice versa will elucidate the epidemiological potential threats of animal viruses to human health. Furthermore, this study showed a huge diversity of highly divergent novel phages, thereby expanding the existing phageome considerably. IMPORTANCE Despite the availability of diagnostic tools for different enteric viral pathogens, a large fraction of human cases of gastroenteritis remains unexplained. This could be due to pathogens not tested for or novel divergent viruses of potential animal origin. Fecal virome analyses of Cameroonians showed a very diverse group of viruses, some of which are genetically related to those identified in animals. This is the first attempt to describe the gut virome of humans from Cameroon. Therefore, the data represent a baseline for future studies on enteric viral pathogens in this area and contribute to our knowledge of the world’s virome. The studies also highlight the fact that more viruses may be associated with diarrhea than the typical known ones. Hence, it provides meaningful epidemiological information on diarrhea-related viruses in this area.
format	article
author	Claude Kwe Yinda Emiel Vanhulle Nádia Conceição-Neto Leen Beller Ward Deboutte Chenyan Shi Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu Piet Maes Marc Van Ranst Jelle Matthijnssens
author_facet	Claude Kwe Yinda Emiel Vanhulle Nádia Conceição-Neto Leen Beller Ward Deboutte Chenyan Shi Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu Piet Maes Marc Van Ranst Jelle Matthijnssens
author_sort	Claude Kwe Yinda
title	Gut Virome Analysis of Cameroonians Reveals High Diversity of Enteric Viruses, Including Potential Interspecies Transmitted Viruses
title_short	Gut Virome Analysis of Cameroonians Reveals High Diversity of Enteric Viruses, Including Potential Interspecies Transmitted Viruses
title_full	Gut Virome Analysis of Cameroonians Reveals High Diversity of Enteric Viruses, Including Potential Interspecies Transmitted Viruses
title_fullStr	Gut Virome Analysis of Cameroonians Reveals High Diversity of Enteric Viruses, Including Potential Interspecies Transmitted Viruses
title_full_unstemmed	Gut Virome Analysis of Cameroonians Reveals High Diversity of Enteric Viruses, Including Potential Interspecies Transmitted Viruses
title_sort	gut virome analysis of cameroonians reveals high diversity of enteric viruses, including potential interspecies transmitted viruses
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/2f3e74247663423dab0a4affa4ca108d
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Gut Virome Analysis of Cameroonians Reveals High Diversity of Enteric Viruses, Including Potential Interspecies Transmitted Viruses

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