Determining What Changed Japanese Suicide Mortality in 2020 Using Governmental Database

The pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused both COVID-19-related health hazards and the deterioration of socioeconomic and sociopsychological status due to governmental restrictions. There were concerns that suicide mortality would increase during the COVID-19 pandemic; however...

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Autores principales:	Ryusuke Matsumoto, Eishi Motomura, Kouji Fukuyama, Takashi Shiroyama, Motohiro Okada
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	suicide mortality Japan COVID-19 gender region age Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2f5a0b40e2af4a12aa2b95a4274dd7ae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2f5a0b40e2af4a12aa2b95a4274dd7ae2021-11-11T17:48:19ZDetermining What Changed Japanese Suicide Mortality in 2020 Using Governmental Database10.3390/jcm102151992077-0383https://doaj.org/article/2f5a0b40e2af4a12aa2b95a4274dd7ae2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/21/5199https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383The pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused both COVID-19-related health hazards and the deterioration of socioeconomic and sociopsychological status due to governmental restrictions. There were concerns that suicide mortality would increase during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, a recent study reported that suicide mortality did not increase in 21 countries during the early pandemic period. In Japan, suicide mortality was reduced from 2009 to 2019, but both the annual number of suicide victims and the national suicide mortality rates in 2020 increased compared to that in 2019. To clarify the discrepancy of suicide mortality between the first and second half of 2020 in Japan, the present study determines annual and monthly suicide mortality disaggregated by prefectures, gender, age, means, motive, and household factors during the COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic periods using a linear mixed-effects model. Furthermore, the relationship between suicide mortality and COVID-19 data (the infection rate, mortality, and duration of the pandemic) was analysed using hierarchal linear regression with a robust standard error. The average of monthly suicide mortality of both males and females in all 47 prefectures decreased during the first stay-home order (April–May) (females: from 10.1–10.2 to 7.8–7.9; males: from 24.0–24.9 to 21.6 per 100,000 people), but increased after the end of the first stay-home order (July–December) (females: from 7.5–9.5 to 10.3–14.5; males: from 19.9–23.0 to 21.1–26.7 per 100,000 people). Increasing COVID-19-infected patients and victims indicated a tendency of suppression, but the prolongation of the pandemic indicated a tendency of increasing female suicide mortality without affecting that of males. Contrary to the national pattern, in metropolitan regions, decreasing suicide mortality during the first stay-home order was not observed. Decreasing suicide mortality during the first stay-home order was not observed in populations younger than 30 years old, whereas increasing suicide mortality of populations younger than 30 years old after the end of the first stay-home order was predominant. A decrease in suicide mortality of one-person household residents during the first stay-home order was not observed. The hanging suicide mortality of males and females was decreased and increased during and after the end of the first stay-home orders, respectively; however, there was no decrease in metropolitan regions. These results suggest that the suicide mortality in 2020 of females, younger populations, urban residents, and one-person household residents increased compared to those of males, the elderly, rural residents, and multiple-person household residents. Therefore, the unexpected drastic fluctuations of suicide mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan were probably composed of complicated reasons among various identified factors in this study, and other unknown factors.Ryusuke MatsumotoEishi MotomuraKouji FukuyamaTakashi ShiroyamaMotohiro OkadaMDPI AGarticlesuicide mortalityJapanCOVID-19genderregionageMedicineRENJournal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 5199, p 5199 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	suicide mortality Japan COVID-19 gender region age Medicine R
spellingShingle	suicide mortality Japan COVID-19 gender region age Medicine R Ryusuke Matsumoto Eishi Motomura Kouji Fukuyama Takashi Shiroyama Motohiro Okada Determining What Changed Japanese Suicide Mortality in 2020 Using Governmental Database
description	The pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused both COVID-19-related health hazards and the deterioration of socioeconomic and sociopsychological status due to governmental restrictions. There were concerns that suicide mortality would increase during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, a recent study reported that suicide mortality did not increase in 21 countries during the early pandemic period. In Japan, suicide mortality was reduced from 2009 to 2019, but both the annual number of suicide victims and the national suicide mortality rates in 2020 increased compared to that in 2019. To clarify the discrepancy of suicide mortality between the first and second half of 2020 in Japan, the present study determines annual and monthly suicide mortality disaggregated by prefectures, gender, age, means, motive, and household factors during the COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic periods using a linear mixed-effects model. Furthermore, the relationship between suicide mortality and COVID-19 data (the infection rate, mortality, and duration of the pandemic) was analysed using hierarchal linear regression with a robust standard error. The average of monthly suicide mortality of both males and females in all 47 prefectures decreased during the first stay-home order (April–May) (females: from 10.1–10.2 to 7.8–7.9; males: from 24.0–24.9 to 21.6 per 100,000 people), but increased after the end of the first stay-home order (July–December) (females: from 7.5–9.5 to 10.3–14.5; males: from 19.9–23.0 to 21.1–26.7 per 100,000 people). Increasing COVID-19-infected patients and victims indicated a tendency of suppression, but the prolongation of the pandemic indicated a tendency of increasing female suicide mortality without affecting that of males. Contrary to the national pattern, in metropolitan regions, decreasing suicide mortality during the first stay-home order was not observed. Decreasing suicide mortality during the first stay-home order was not observed in populations younger than 30 years old, whereas increasing suicide mortality of populations younger than 30 years old after the end of the first stay-home order was predominant. A decrease in suicide mortality of one-person household residents during the first stay-home order was not observed. The hanging suicide mortality of males and females was decreased and increased during and after the end of the first stay-home orders, respectively; however, there was no decrease in metropolitan regions. These results suggest that the suicide mortality in 2020 of females, younger populations, urban residents, and one-person household residents increased compared to those of males, the elderly, rural residents, and multiple-person household residents. Therefore, the unexpected drastic fluctuations of suicide mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan were probably composed of complicated reasons among various identified factors in this study, and other unknown factors.
format	article
author	Ryusuke Matsumoto Eishi Motomura Kouji Fukuyama Takashi Shiroyama Motohiro Okada
author_facet	Ryusuke Matsumoto Eishi Motomura Kouji Fukuyama Takashi Shiroyama Motohiro Okada
author_sort	Ryusuke Matsumoto
title	Determining What Changed Japanese Suicide Mortality in 2020 Using Governmental Database
title_short	Determining What Changed Japanese Suicide Mortality in 2020 Using Governmental Database
title_full	Determining What Changed Japanese Suicide Mortality in 2020 Using Governmental Database
title_fullStr	Determining What Changed Japanese Suicide Mortality in 2020 Using Governmental Database
title_full_unstemmed	Determining What Changed Japanese Suicide Mortality in 2020 Using Governmental Database
title_sort	determining what changed japanese suicide mortality in 2020 using governmental database
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2f5a0b40e2af4a12aa2b95a4274dd7ae
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Determining What Changed Japanese Suicide Mortality in 2020 Using Governmental Database

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