Interactions between non-physician clinicians and industry: a systematic review.

<h4>Background</h4>With increasing restrictions placed on physician-industry interactions, industry marketing may target other health professionals. Recent health policy developments confer even greater importance on the decision making of non-physician clinicians. The purpose of this sy...

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Autores principales:	Quinn Grundy, Lisa Bero, Ruth Malone
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2f5f4a07cf1249f9a0c1d1d3f5e2e89c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2f5f4a07cf1249f9a0c1d1d3f5e2e89c2021-11-18T05:43:03ZInteractions between non-physician clinicians and industry: a systematic review.1549-12771549-167610.1371/journal.pmed.1001561https://doaj.org/article/2f5f4a07cf1249f9a0c1d1d3f5e2e89c2013-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24302892/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1549-1277https://doaj.org/toc/1549-1676<h4>Background</h4>With increasing restrictions placed on physician-industry interactions, industry marketing may target other health professionals. Recent health policy developments confer even greater importance on the decision making of non-physician clinicians. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the types and implications of non-physician clinician-industry interactions in clinical practice.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We searched MEDLINE and Web of Science from January 1, 1946, through June 24, 2013, according to PRISMA guidelines. Non-physician clinicians eligible for inclusion were: Registered Nurses, nurse prescribers, Physician Assistants, pharmacists, dieticians, and physical or occupational therapists; trainee samples were excluded. Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria. Data were synthesized qualitatively into eight outcome domains: nature and frequency of industry interactions; attitudes toward industry; perceived ethical acceptability of interactions; perceived marketing influence; perceived reliability of industry information; preparation for industry interactions; reactions to industry relations policy; and management of industry interactions. Non-physician clinicians reported interacting with the pharmaceutical and infant formula industries. Clinicians across disciplines met with pharmaceutical representatives regularly and relied on them for practice information. Clinicians frequently received industry "information," attended sponsored "education," and acted as distributors for similar materials targeted at patients. Clinicians generally regarded this as an ethical use of industry resources, and felt they could detect "promotion" while benefiting from industry "information." Free samples were among the most approved and common ways that clinicians interacted with industry. Included studies were observational and of varying methodological rigor; thus, these findings may not be generalizable. This review is, however, the first to our knowledge to provide a descriptive analysis of this literature.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Non-physician clinicians' generally positive attitudes toward industry interactions, despite their recognition of issues related to bias, suggest that industry interactions are normalized in clinical practice across non-physician disciplines. Industry relations policy should address all disciplines and be implemented consistently in order to mitigate conflicts of interest and address such interactions' potential to affect patient care. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.Quinn GrundyLisa BeroRuth MalonePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRENPLoS Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 11, p e1001561 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R
spellingShingle	Medicine R Quinn Grundy Lisa Bero Ruth Malone Interactions between non-physician clinicians and industry: a systematic review.
description	<h4>Background</h4>With increasing restrictions placed on physician-industry interactions, industry marketing may target other health professionals. Recent health policy developments confer even greater importance on the decision making of non-physician clinicians. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the types and implications of non-physician clinician-industry interactions in clinical practice.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We searched MEDLINE and Web of Science from January 1, 1946, through June 24, 2013, according to PRISMA guidelines. Non-physician clinicians eligible for inclusion were: Registered Nurses, nurse prescribers, Physician Assistants, pharmacists, dieticians, and physical or occupational therapists; trainee samples were excluded. Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria. Data were synthesized qualitatively into eight outcome domains: nature and frequency of industry interactions; attitudes toward industry; perceived ethical acceptability of interactions; perceived marketing influence; perceived reliability of industry information; preparation for industry interactions; reactions to industry relations policy; and management of industry interactions. Non-physician clinicians reported interacting with the pharmaceutical and infant formula industries. Clinicians across disciplines met with pharmaceutical representatives regularly and relied on them for practice information. Clinicians frequently received industry "information," attended sponsored "education," and acted as distributors for similar materials targeted at patients. Clinicians generally regarded this as an ethical use of industry resources, and felt they could detect "promotion" while benefiting from industry "information." Free samples were among the most approved and common ways that clinicians interacted with industry. Included studies were observational and of varying methodological rigor; thus, these findings may not be generalizable. This review is, however, the first to our knowledge to provide a descriptive analysis of this literature.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Non-physician clinicians' generally positive attitudes toward industry interactions, despite their recognition of issues related to bias, suggest that industry interactions are normalized in clinical practice across non-physician disciplines. Industry relations policy should address all disciplines and be implemented consistently in order to mitigate conflicts of interest and address such interactions' potential to affect patient care. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
format	article
author	Quinn Grundy Lisa Bero Ruth Malone
author_facet	Quinn Grundy Lisa Bero Ruth Malone
author_sort	Quinn Grundy
title	Interactions between non-physician clinicians and industry: a systematic review.
title_short	Interactions between non-physician clinicians and industry: a systematic review.
title_full	Interactions between non-physician clinicians and industry: a systematic review.
title_fullStr	Interactions between non-physician clinicians and industry: a systematic review.
title_full_unstemmed	Interactions between non-physician clinicians and industry: a systematic review.
title_sort	interactions between non-physician clinicians and industry: a systematic review.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/2f5f4a07cf1249f9a0c1d1d3f5e2e89c
work_keys_str_mv	AT quinngrundy interactionsbetweennonphysiciancliniciansandindustryasystematicreview AT lisabero interactionsbetweennonphysiciancliniciansandindustryasystematicreview AT ruthmalone interactionsbetweennonphysiciancliniciansandindustryasystematicreview
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Interactions between non-physician clinicians and industry: a systematic review.

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