Where have the enteric viruses gone? - Differential effects on frequent causes of infectious diarrhoea by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic lockdown measures

Summary: Background: Measures of distancing, wearing face/medical masks and lockdown introduced in many countries to meet the challenges of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have led to gross changes in the epidemiology of important infections. The observation of decline of positive norovirus tests after int...

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Autores principales:	Dietrich Mack, Peter Gohl, Mathias Kolbert, Daniela Schui, Uta Küsters, Oliver Harzer, Joachim Pum, Bernhard Zöllner
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Norovirus Astrovirus Adenovirus Campylobacter Clostridium difficile Covid-19 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2f7aec3091b745b88841e958b6cf4657
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2f7aec3091b745b88841e958b6cf46572021-11-28T04:37:39ZWhere have the enteric viruses gone? - Differential effects on frequent causes of infectious diarrhoea by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic lockdown measures2590-088910.1016/j.infpip.2021.100184https://doaj.org/article/2f7aec3091b745b88841e958b6cf46572021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088921000731https://doaj.org/toc/2590-0889Summary: Background: Measures of distancing, wearing face/medical masks and lockdown introduced in many countries to meet the challenges of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have led to gross changes in the epidemiology of important infections. The observation of decline of positive norovirus tests after introduction of lockdown in Germany led us to investigate changes in the detection of major causes of diarrhoea by comparing pre-pandemic quarters (PPQ: 1Q/17 through 1Q/20) since 2017 and pandemic quarters (PQ: 2Q/20 through 1Q/21). Methods and setting: Bioscientia Laboratory Ingelheim is a large regional clinical pathology laboratory serving > 50 hospitals and > 5000 general practitioners and specialist outpatient practices located in the federal states Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Antigen detection assays were used for detection of astrovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus, and Campylobacter antigen and Clostridium difficile Toxin A/B, while norovirus was detected by qualitative RT-PCR. Findings: The mean positivity-ratios of norovirus, adenovirus and astrovirus assays were 3–20 fold lower in periods PQ (2Q/20 through 1Q/21) compared to PPQ (1Q/17 through 1Q/20) (p<.01). The mean positivity-ratio was lower in PQ compared to PPQ for rotavirus (p=.31), but failed to reach statistical significance, while for campylobacter antigen (p=.91) and C. difficile Toxin A/B (p=.17) the mean positivity-ratio was even higher in PQ compared to PPQ. Conclusions: Apparently, hygienic measures used to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have differential effects on incidence of diarrhoea viruses as compared to bacterial gastrointestinal agents, particularly C. difficile, which may lead to re-evaluate measures implemented against this important cause of nosocomial diarrhoea.Dietrich MackPeter GohlMathias KolbertDaniela SchuiUta KüstersOliver HarzerJoachim PumBernhard ZöllnerElsevierarticleNorovirusAstrovirusAdenovirusCampylobacterClostridium difficileCovid-19Infectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENInfection Prevention in Practice, Vol 3, Iss 4, Pp 100184- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Norovirus Astrovirus Adenovirus Campylobacter Clostridium difficile Covid-19 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Norovirus Astrovirus Adenovirus Campylobacter Clostridium difficile Covid-19 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Dietrich Mack Peter Gohl Mathias Kolbert Daniela Schui Uta Küsters Oliver Harzer Joachim Pum Bernhard Zöllner Where have the enteric viruses gone? - Differential effects on frequent causes of infectious diarrhoea by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic lockdown measures
description	Summary: Background: Measures of distancing, wearing face/medical masks and lockdown introduced in many countries to meet the challenges of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have led to gross changes in the epidemiology of important infections. The observation of decline of positive norovirus tests after introduction of lockdown in Germany led us to investigate changes in the detection of major causes of diarrhoea by comparing pre-pandemic quarters (PPQ: 1Q/17 through 1Q/20) since 2017 and pandemic quarters (PQ: 2Q/20 through 1Q/21). Methods and setting: Bioscientia Laboratory Ingelheim is a large regional clinical pathology laboratory serving > 50 hospitals and > 5000 general practitioners and specialist outpatient practices located in the federal states Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Antigen detection assays were used for detection of astrovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus, and Campylobacter antigen and Clostridium difficile Toxin A/B, while norovirus was detected by qualitative RT-PCR. Findings: The mean positivity-ratios of norovirus, adenovirus and astrovirus assays were 3–20 fold lower in periods PQ (2Q/20 through 1Q/21) compared to PPQ (1Q/17 through 1Q/20) (p<.01). The mean positivity-ratio was lower in PQ compared to PPQ for rotavirus (p=.31), but failed to reach statistical significance, while for campylobacter antigen (p=.91) and C. difficile Toxin A/B (p=.17) the mean positivity-ratio was even higher in PQ compared to PPQ. Conclusions: Apparently, hygienic measures used to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have differential effects on incidence of diarrhoea viruses as compared to bacterial gastrointestinal agents, particularly C. difficile, which may lead to re-evaluate measures implemented against this important cause of nosocomial diarrhoea.
format	article
author	Dietrich Mack Peter Gohl Mathias Kolbert Daniela Schui Uta Küsters Oliver Harzer Joachim Pum Bernhard Zöllner
author_facet	Dietrich Mack Peter Gohl Mathias Kolbert Daniela Schui Uta Küsters Oliver Harzer Joachim Pum Bernhard Zöllner
author_sort	Dietrich Mack
title	Where have the enteric viruses gone? - Differential effects on frequent causes of infectious diarrhoea by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic lockdown measures
title_short	Where have the enteric viruses gone? - Differential effects on frequent causes of infectious diarrhoea by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic lockdown measures
title_full	Where have the enteric viruses gone? - Differential effects on frequent causes of infectious diarrhoea by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic lockdown measures
title_fullStr	Where have the enteric viruses gone? - Differential effects on frequent causes of infectious diarrhoea by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic lockdown measures
title_full_unstemmed	Where have the enteric viruses gone? - Differential effects on frequent causes of infectious diarrhoea by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic lockdown measures
title_sort	where have the enteric viruses gone? - differential effects on frequent causes of infectious diarrhoea by sars-cov-2 pandemic lockdown measures
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2f7aec3091b745b88841e958b6cf4657
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Where have the enteric viruses gone? - Differential effects on frequent causes of infectious diarrhoea by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic lockdown measures

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