Biofilms Comprise a Component of the Annual Cycle of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> in the Bay of Bengal Estuary

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae, an estuarine bacterium, is the causative agent of cholera, a severe diarrheal disease that demonstrates seasonal incidence in Bangladesh. In an extensive study of V. cholerae occurrence in a natural aquatic environment, water and plankton samples were collected biweekly bet...

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Autores principales:	Marzia Sultana, Suraia Nusrin, Nur A. Hasan, Abdus Sadique, Kabir U. Ahmed, Atiqul Islam, Anwar Hossain, Ira Longini, Azhar Nizam, Anwar Huq, Abul K. Siddique, David A. Sack, Richard B. Sack, Rita R. Colwell, Munirul Alam
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	Vibrio cholerae biofilms cholera Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2f86bcc0c8df4f26a52609a965423d4b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2f86bcc0c8df4f26a52609a965423d4b2021-11-15T15:53:26ZBiofilms Comprise a Component of the Annual Cycle of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> in the Bay of Bengal Estuary10.1128/mBio.00483-182150-7511https://doaj.org/article/2f86bcc0c8df4f26a52609a965423d4b2018-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00483-18https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae, an estuarine bacterium, is the causative agent of cholera, a severe diarrheal disease that demonstrates seasonal incidence in Bangladesh. In an extensive study of V. cholerae occurrence in a natural aquatic environment, water and plankton samples were collected biweekly between December 2005 and November 2006 from Mathbaria, an estuarine village of Bangladesh near the mangrove forests of the Sundarbans. Toxigenic V. cholerae exhibited two seasonal growth peaks, one in spring (March to May) and another in autumn (September to November), corresponding to the two annual seasonal outbreaks of cholera in this region. The total numbers of bacteria determined by heterotrophic plate count (HPC), representing culturable bacteria, accounted for 1% to 2.7% of the total numbers obtained using acridine orange direct counting (AODC). The highest bacterial culture counts, including toxigenic V. cholerae, were recorded in the spring. The direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) assay was used to detect V. cholerae O1 cells throughout the year, as free-living cells, within clusters, or in association with plankton. V. cholerae O1 varied significantly in morphology, appearing as distinctly rod-shaped cells in the spring months, while small coccoid cells within thick clusters of biofilm were observed during interepidemic periods of the year, notably during the winter months. Toxigenic V. cholerae O1 was culturable in natural water during the spring when the temperature rose sharply. The results of this study confirmed biofilms to be a means of persistence for bacteria and an integral component of the annual life cycle of toxigenic V. cholerae in the estuarine environment of Bangladesh. IMPORTANCE Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is autochthonous in the estuarine aquatic environment. This study describes morphological changes in naturally occurring V. cholerae O1 in the estuarine environment of Mathbaria, where the bacterium is culturable when the water temperature rises and is observable predominantly as distinct rods and dividing cells. In the spring and fall, these morphological changes coincide with the two seasonal peaks of endemic cholera in Bangladesh. V. cholerae O1 cells are predominantly coccoid within biofilms but are rod shaped as free-living cells and when attached to plankton or to particulate matter in interepidemic periods of the year. It is concluded that biofilms represent a stage of the annual life cycle of V. cholerae O1, the causative agent of cholera in Bangladesh.Marzia SultanaSuraia NusrinNur A. HasanAbdus SadiqueKabir U. AhmedAtiqul IslamAnwar HossainIra LonginiAzhar NizamAnwar HuqAbul K. SiddiqueDavid A. SackRichard B. SackRita R. ColwellMunirul AlamAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleVibrio choleraebiofilmscholeraMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 9, Iss 2 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Vibrio cholerae biofilms cholera Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Vibrio cholerae biofilms cholera Microbiology QR1-502 Marzia Sultana Suraia Nusrin Nur A. Hasan Abdus Sadique Kabir U. Ahmed Atiqul Islam Anwar Hossain Ira Longini Azhar Nizam Anwar Huq Abul K. Siddique David A. Sack Richard B. Sack Rita R. Colwell Munirul Alam Biofilms Comprise a Component of the Annual Cycle of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> in the Bay of Bengal Estuary
description	ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae, an estuarine bacterium, is the causative agent of cholera, a severe diarrheal disease that demonstrates seasonal incidence in Bangladesh. In an extensive study of V. cholerae occurrence in a natural aquatic environment, water and plankton samples were collected biweekly between December 2005 and November 2006 from Mathbaria, an estuarine village of Bangladesh near the mangrove forests of the Sundarbans. Toxigenic V. cholerae exhibited two seasonal growth peaks, one in spring (March to May) and another in autumn (September to November), corresponding to the two annual seasonal outbreaks of cholera in this region. The total numbers of bacteria determined by heterotrophic plate count (HPC), representing culturable bacteria, accounted for 1% to 2.7% of the total numbers obtained using acridine orange direct counting (AODC). The highest bacterial culture counts, including toxigenic V. cholerae, were recorded in the spring. The direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) assay was used to detect V. cholerae O1 cells throughout the year, as free-living cells, within clusters, or in association with plankton. V. cholerae O1 varied significantly in morphology, appearing as distinctly rod-shaped cells in the spring months, while small coccoid cells within thick clusters of biofilm were observed during interepidemic periods of the year, notably during the winter months. Toxigenic V. cholerae O1 was culturable in natural water during the spring when the temperature rose sharply. The results of this study confirmed biofilms to be a means of persistence for bacteria and an integral component of the annual life cycle of toxigenic V. cholerae in the estuarine environment of Bangladesh. IMPORTANCE Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is autochthonous in the estuarine aquatic environment. This study describes morphological changes in naturally occurring V. cholerae O1 in the estuarine environment of Mathbaria, where the bacterium is culturable when the water temperature rises and is observable predominantly as distinct rods and dividing cells. In the spring and fall, these morphological changes coincide with the two seasonal peaks of endemic cholera in Bangladesh. V. cholerae O1 cells are predominantly coccoid within biofilms but are rod shaped as free-living cells and when attached to plankton or to particulate matter in interepidemic periods of the year. It is concluded that biofilms represent a stage of the annual life cycle of V. cholerae O1, the causative agent of cholera in Bangladesh.
format	article
author	Marzia Sultana Suraia Nusrin Nur A. Hasan Abdus Sadique Kabir U. Ahmed Atiqul Islam Anwar Hossain Ira Longini Azhar Nizam Anwar Huq Abul K. Siddique David A. Sack Richard B. Sack Rita R. Colwell Munirul Alam
author_facet	Marzia Sultana Suraia Nusrin Nur A. Hasan Abdus Sadique Kabir U. Ahmed Atiqul Islam Anwar Hossain Ira Longini Azhar Nizam Anwar Huq Abul K. Siddique David A. Sack Richard B. Sack Rita R. Colwell Munirul Alam
author_sort	Marzia Sultana
title	Biofilms Comprise a Component of the Annual Cycle of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> in the Bay of Bengal Estuary
title_short	Biofilms Comprise a Component of the Annual Cycle of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> in the Bay of Bengal Estuary
title_full	Biofilms Comprise a Component of the Annual Cycle of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> in the Bay of Bengal Estuary
title_fullStr	Biofilms Comprise a Component of the Annual Cycle of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> in the Bay of Bengal Estuary
title_full_unstemmed	Biofilms Comprise a Component of the Annual Cycle of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> in the Bay of Bengal Estuary
title_sort	biofilms comprise a component of the annual cycle of <named-content content-type="genus-species">vibrio cholerae</named-content> in the bay of bengal estuary
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/2f86bcc0c8df4f26a52609a965423d4b
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Biofilms Comprise a Component of the Annual Cycle of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio cholerae</named-content> in the Bay of Bengal Estuary

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