Cytotoxic effects on cancerous and non-cancerous cells of trans-cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and eugenol

Abstract Essential oils and their active components, referred here as plant derived antimicrobials (PDAs), have been used for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Many reports also document PDAs’ cytotoxic effects on cancerous cells, raising the hope that they could be...

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Autores principales:	Saurav Ranjitkar, Delong Zhang, Fei Sun, Saleh Salman, Wu He, Kumar Venkitanarayanan, Edan R. Tulman, Xiuchun Tian
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2fa77f5bf585469fa581b315772f10df
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2fa77f5bf585469fa581b315772f10df2021-12-02T18:50:53ZCytotoxic effects on cancerous and non-cancerous cells of trans-cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and eugenol10.1038/s41598-021-95394-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/2fa77f5bf585469fa581b315772f10df2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95394-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Essential oils and their active components, referred here as plant derived antimicrobials (PDAs), have been used for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Many reports also document PDAs’ cytotoxic effects on cancerous cells, raising the hope that they could be used for cancer treatments. Due to the lack of specificity, we hypothesize that PDAs are cytotoxic to both cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA), carvacrol, and eugenol were assessed for their cytotoxicity on cancerous HeLa cells and normal skin fibroblasts (CCD-1123Sk, CCD) by MTT and LDH assays, flow cytometry, and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). After 24 h of treatment, carvacrol and TCA significantly decreased cell viability (by more than 50%) at 100 µg/ml, whereas eugenol was ineffective up to 400 µg/ml. Cell detachment and significantly increased apoptosis were observed with 100 µg/ml of TCA on both cell types. RT-qPCR for apoptotic genes (BCL2, CASP3 and CASP8) and necrosis genes (MLKL, RIPK1 and RIPK3) did not show significant differences between control and treated cells of both types, with the exception of eugenol-treated HeLa cells in which expression of BCL2, MLKL and RIPK1 was significantly higher than controls. Taken together, we conclude that the three PDAs studied here exhibited similar cytotoxic effects on both cancerous and non-cancerous cells.Saurav RanjitkarDelong ZhangFei SunSaleh SalmanWu HeKumar VenkitanarayananEdan R. TulmanXiuchun TianNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Saurav Ranjitkar Delong Zhang Fei Sun Saleh Salman Wu He Kumar Venkitanarayanan Edan R. Tulman Xiuchun Tian Cytotoxic effects on cancerous and non-cancerous cells of trans-cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and eugenol
description	Abstract Essential oils and their active components, referred here as plant derived antimicrobials (PDAs), have been used for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Many reports also document PDAs’ cytotoxic effects on cancerous cells, raising the hope that they could be used for cancer treatments. Due to the lack of specificity, we hypothesize that PDAs are cytotoxic to both cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA), carvacrol, and eugenol were assessed for their cytotoxicity on cancerous HeLa cells and normal skin fibroblasts (CCD-1123Sk, CCD) by MTT and LDH assays, flow cytometry, and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). After 24 h of treatment, carvacrol and TCA significantly decreased cell viability (by more than 50%) at 100 µg/ml, whereas eugenol was ineffective up to 400 µg/ml. Cell detachment and significantly increased apoptosis were observed with 100 µg/ml of TCA on both cell types. RT-qPCR for apoptotic genes (BCL2, CASP3 and CASP8) and necrosis genes (MLKL, RIPK1 and RIPK3) did not show significant differences between control and treated cells of both types, with the exception of eugenol-treated HeLa cells in which expression of BCL2, MLKL and RIPK1 was significantly higher than controls. Taken together, we conclude that the three PDAs studied here exhibited similar cytotoxic effects on both cancerous and non-cancerous cells.
format	article
author	Saurav Ranjitkar Delong Zhang Fei Sun Saleh Salman Wu He Kumar Venkitanarayanan Edan R. Tulman Xiuchun Tian
author_facet	Saurav Ranjitkar Delong Zhang Fei Sun Saleh Salman Wu He Kumar Venkitanarayanan Edan R. Tulman Xiuchun Tian
author_sort	Saurav Ranjitkar
title	Cytotoxic effects on cancerous and non-cancerous cells of trans-cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and eugenol
title_short	Cytotoxic effects on cancerous and non-cancerous cells of trans-cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and eugenol
title_full	Cytotoxic effects on cancerous and non-cancerous cells of trans-cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and eugenol
title_fullStr	Cytotoxic effects on cancerous and non-cancerous cells of trans-cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and eugenol
title_full_unstemmed	Cytotoxic effects on cancerous and non-cancerous cells of trans-cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and eugenol
title_sort	cytotoxic effects on cancerous and non-cancerous cells of trans-cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and eugenol
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2fa77f5bf585469fa581b315772f10df
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Cytotoxic effects on cancerous and non-cancerous cells of trans-cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and eugenol

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