Urban Effect on Sea-Breeze-Initiated Rainfall: A Case Study for Seoul Metropolitan Area

We examined the sea-breeze-initiated rainfall in the Seoul Metropolitan area (SMA) on 6 July 2017 using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. The model captures the arrival of the sea breeze front (SBF), the development of afternoon rainfall in the SMA, and the location of the sea-breeze...

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Autores principales:	Yuna Choi, Young-Hee Lee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	afternoon rainfall sea breeze UHIC Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2fc7ca3e451b47aaa9996e04a543ab74
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2fc7ca3e451b47aaa9996e04a543ab742021-11-25T16:45:23ZUrban Effect on Sea-Breeze-Initiated Rainfall: A Case Study for Seoul Metropolitan Area10.3390/atmos121114832073-4433https://doaj.org/article/2fc7ca3e451b47aaa9996e04a543ab742021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1483https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433We examined the sea-breeze-initiated rainfall in the Seoul Metropolitan area (SMA) on 6 July 2017 using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. The model captures the arrival of the sea breeze front (SBF), the development of afternoon rainfall in the SMA, and the location of the sea-breeze-initiated maximum rainfall in the northeastern SMA reasonably well but overestimates the subsequent rainfall. We conducted sensitivity tests to better understand the urban effect on the sea-breeze-initiated rainfall event. Through factor separation analysis, we first examined the explicit role of sea and urban effect on sea-breeze-initiated rainfall. The results show that the interaction of sea and urban effects cause rainfall in the northwest and northeast of the SMA, indicating that both urban heat island circulation (UHIC) and sea breeze play an important role in the study case’s rainfall. We further examined the relative role of urban roughness and anthropogenic heat on the sea-breeze-initiated rainfall through factor separation analysis. Both anthropogenic heat and urban roughness play a role in increasing precipitation in the northeastern area of the SMA, with a larger contribution of anthropogenic heat than urban roughness. The relationship between low-level convergence at the SBF and urban factors is discussed.Yuna ChoiYoung-Hee LeeMDPI AGarticleafternoon rainfallsea breezeUHICMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1483, p 1483 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	afternoon rainfall sea breeze UHIC Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	afternoon rainfall sea breeze UHIC Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Yuna Choi Young-Hee Lee Urban Effect on Sea-Breeze-Initiated Rainfall: A Case Study for Seoul Metropolitan Area
description	We examined the sea-breeze-initiated rainfall in the Seoul Metropolitan area (SMA) on 6 July 2017 using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. The model captures the arrival of the sea breeze front (SBF), the development of afternoon rainfall in the SMA, and the location of the sea-breeze-initiated maximum rainfall in the northeastern SMA reasonably well but overestimates the subsequent rainfall. We conducted sensitivity tests to better understand the urban effect on the sea-breeze-initiated rainfall event. Through factor separation analysis, we first examined the explicit role of sea and urban effect on sea-breeze-initiated rainfall. The results show that the interaction of sea and urban effects cause rainfall in the northwest and northeast of the SMA, indicating that both urban heat island circulation (UHIC) and sea breeze play an important role in the study case’s rainfall. We further examined the relative role of urban roughness and anthropogenic heat on the sea-breeze-initiated rainfall through factor separation analysis. Both anthropogenic heat and urban roughness play a role in increasing precipitation in the northeastern area of the SMA, with a larger contribution of anthropogenic heat than urban roughness. The relationship between low-level convergence at the SBF and urban factors is discussed.
format	article
author	Yuna Choi Young-Hee Lee
author_facet	Yuna Choi Young-Hee Lee
author_sort	Yuna Choi
title	Urban Effect on Sea-Breeze-Initiated Rainfall: A Case Study for Seoul Metropolitan Area
title_short	Urban Effect on Sea-Breeze-Initiated Rainfall: A Case Study for Seoul Metropolitan Area
title_full	Urban Effect on Sea-Breeze-Initiated Rainfall: A Case Study for Seoul Metropolitan Area
title_fullStr	Urban Effect on Sea-Breeze-Initiated Rainfall: A Case Study for Seoul Metropolitan Area
title_full_unstemmed	Urban Effect on Sea-Breeze-Initiated Rainfall: A Case Study for Seoul Metropolitan Area
title_sort	urban effect on sea-breeze-initiated rainfall: a case study for seoul metropolitan area
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2fc7ca3e451b47aaa9996e04a543ab74
work_keys_str_mv	AT yunachoi urbaneffectonseabreezeinitiatedrainfallacasestudyforseoulmetropolitanarea AT youngheelee urbaneffectonseabreezeinitiatedrainfallacasestudyforseoulmetropolitanarea
_version_	1718413009318051840

Urban Effect on Sea-Breeze-Initiated Rainfall: A Case Study for Seoul Metropolitan Area

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