Adipoclast: a multinucleated fat-eating macrophage

Abstract Cell membrane fusion and multinucleation in macrophages are associated with physiologic homeostasis as well as disease. Osteoclasts are multinucleated macrophages that resorb bone through increased metabolic activity resulting from cell fusion. Fusion of macrophages also generates multinucl...

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Autores principales:	Antoni Olona, Subhankar Mukhopadhyay, Charlotte Hateley, Fernando O. Martinez, Siamon Gordon, Jacques Behmoaras
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2fd5b548491e4a29a5558064d1059ef3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2fd5b548491e4a29a5558064d1059ef32021-11-21T12:42:20ZAdipoclast: a multinucleated fat-eating macrophage10.1186/s12915-021-01181-31741-7007https://doaj.org/article/2fd5b548491e4a29a5558064d1059ef32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-021-01181-3https://doaj.org/toc/1741-7007Abstract Cell membrane fusion and multinucleation in macrophages are associated with physiologic homeostasis as well as disease. Osteoclasts are multinucleated macrophages that resorb bone through increased metabolic activity resulting from cell fusion. Fusion of macrophages also generates multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) in white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese individuals. For years, our knowledge of MGCs in WAT has been limited to their description as part of crown-like structures (CLS) surrounding damaged adipocytes. However, recent evidence indicates that these cells can phagocytose oversized lipid remnants, suggesting that, as in osteoclasts, cell fusion and multinucleation are required for specialized catabolic functions. We thus reason that WAT MGCs can be viewed as functionally analogous to osteoclasts and refer to them in this article as adipoclasts. We first review current knowledge on adipoclasts and their described functions. In view of recent advances in single cell genomics, we describe WAT macrophages from a ‘fusion perspective’ and speculate on the ontogeny of adipoclasts. Specifically, we highlight the role of CD9 and TREM2, two plasma membrane markers of lipid-associated macrophages in WAT, which have been previously described as regulators of fusion and multinucleation in osteoclasts and MGCs. Finally, we consider whether strategies aiming to target WAT macrophages can be more selectively directed against adipoclasts.Antoni OlonaSubhankar MukhopadhyayCharlotte HateleyFernando O. MartinezSiamon GordonJacques BehmoarasBMCarticleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBMC Biology, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Antoni Olona Subhankar Mukhopadhyay Charlotte Hateley Fernando O. Martinez Siamon Gordon Jacques Behmoaras Adipoclast: a multinucleated fat-eating macrophage
description	Abstract Cell membrane fusion and multinucleation in macrophages are associated with physiologic homeostasis as well as disease. Osteoclasts are multinucleated macrophages that resorb bone through increased metabolic activity resulting from cell fusion. Fusion of macrophages also generates multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) in white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese individuals. For years, our knowledge of MGCs in WAT has been limited to their description as part of crown-like structures (CLS) surrounding damaged adipocytes. However, recent evidence indicates that these cells can phagocytose oversized lipid remnants, suggesting that, as in osteoclasts, cell fusion and multinucleation are required for specialized catabolic functions. We thus reason that WAT MGCs can be viewed as functionally analogous to osteoclasts and refer to them in this article as adipoclasts. We first review current knowledge on adipoclasts and their described functions. In view of recent advances in single cell genomics, we describe WAT macrophages from a ‘fusion perspective’ and speculate on the ontogeny of adipoclasts. Specifically, we highlight the role of CD9 and TREM2, two plasma membrane markers of lipid-associated macrophages in WAT, which have been previously described as regulators of fusion and multinucleation in osteoclasts and MGCs. Finally, we consider whether strategies aiming to target WAT macrophages can be more selectively directed against adipoclasts.
format	article
author	Antoni Olona Subhankar Mukhopadhyay Charlotte Hateley Fernando O. Martinez Siamon Gordon Jacques Behmoaras
author_facet	Antoni Olona Subhankar Mukhopadhyay Charlotte Hateley Fernando O. Martinez Siamon Gordon Jacques Behmoaras
author_sort	Antoni Olona
title	Adipoclast: a multinucleated fat-eating macrophage
title_short	Adipoclast: a multinucleated fat-eating macrophage
title_full	Adipoclast: a multinucleated fat-eating macrophage
title_fullStr	Adipoclast: a multinucleated fat-eating macrophage
title_full_unstemmed	Adipoclast: a multinucleated fat-eating macrophage
title_sort	adipoclast: a multinucleated fat-eating macrophage
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2fd5b548491e4a29a5558064d1059ef3
work_keys_str_mv	AT antoniolona adipoclastamultinucleatedfateatingmacrophage AT subhankarmukhopadhyay adipoclastamultinucleatedfateatingmacrophage AT charlottehateley adipoclastamultinucleatedfateatingmacrophage AT fernandoomartinez adipoclastamultinucleatedfateatingmacrophage AT siamongordon adipoclastamultinucleatedfateatingmacrophage AT jacquesbehmoaras adipoclastamultinucleatedfateatingmacrophage
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Adipoclast: a multinucleated fat-eating macrophage

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