Hydrates for Cold Storage: Formation Characteristics, Stability, and Promoters

The potential of hydrates formed from R141b (CH<sub>3</sub>CCl<sub>2</sub>F), trimethylolethane (TME), and tetra-n-butylammonium bromide/tetra-n-butylammonium chloride (TBAB/TBAC) to be used as working substances for cold storage was investigated to provide a solution for unb...

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Autores principales:	Huan Chen, Bingyue Han, Chen Lang, Min Wen, Baitao Fan, Zheyuan Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	hydrate cold-storage working substance induction time formation rate formation characteristics Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2ff3cc1c5e5f4216a4ea2fa716564139
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2ff3cc1c5e5f4216a4ea2fa7165641392021-11-11T15:24:52ZHydrates for Cold Storage: Formation Characteristics, Stability, and Promoters10.3390/app1121104702076-3417https://doaj.org/article/2ff3cc1c5e5f4216a4ea2fa7165641392021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10470https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417The potential of hydrates formed from R141b (CH<sub>3</sub>CCl<sub>2</sub>F), trimethylolethane (TME), and tetra-n-butylammonium bromide/tetra-n-butylammonium chloride (TBAB/TBAC) to be used as working substances for cold storage was investigated to provide a solution for unbalanced energy grids. In this study, the characteristics of hydrate formation, crystal morphology of hydrates, and the stability of hydrate in cyclic formation under 0.1 MPa and at 5 °C were carried out. It found that the ice had a positive effect on the hydrate formation under same conditions. Upon the addition of the ice cube, the induction time of R141b, TME, and TBAB/TBAC hydrates decreased markedly, and significantly high formation rates were obtained. Under magnetic stirring, the rate at which TBAB/TBAC formed hydrates was significantly lower than that when ice was used. In microscopic experiments, it was observed that the TBAB/TBAC mixture formed hydrates with more nucleation sites and compact structures, which may increase the hydrate formation rate. In the multiple cycle formation of TBAB/TBAC hydrates, the induction time gradually decreased with the increasing number of formation cycles and finally stabilized, which indicated the potential of the TBAB/TBAC hydrates for application in cold storage owing to their good durability and short process time for heat absorption and release.Huan ChenBingyue HanChen LangMin WenBaitao FanZheyuan LiuMDPI AGarticlehydratecold-storage working substanceinduction timeformation rateformation characteristicsTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10470, p 10470 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hydrate cold-storage working substance induction time formation rate formation characteristics Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	hydrate cold-storage working substance induction time formation rate formation characteristics Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Huan Chen Bingyue Han Chen Lang Min Wen Baitao Fan Zheyuan Liu Hydrates for Cold Storage: Formation Characteristics, Stability, and Promoters
description	The potential of hydrates formed from R141b (CH<sub>3</sub>CCl<sub>2</sub>F), trimethylolethane (TME), and tetra-n-butylammonium bromide/tetra-n-butylammonium chloride (TBAB/TBAC) to be used as working substances for cold storage was investigated to provide a solution for unbalanced energy grids. In this study, the characteristics of hydrate formation, crystal morphology of hydrates, and the stability of hydrate in cyclic formation under 0.1 MPa and at 5 °C were carried out. It found that the ice had a positive effect on the hydrate formation under same conditions. Upon the addition of the ice cube, the induction time of R141b, TME, and TBAB/TBAC hydrates decreased markedly, and significantly high formation rates were obtained. Under magnetic stirring, the rate at which TBAB/TBAC formed hydrates was significantly lower than that when ice was used. In microscopic experiments, it was observed that the TBAB/TBAC mixture formed hydrates with more nucleation sites and compact structures, which may increase the hydrate formation rate. In the multiple cycle formation of TBAB/TBAC hydrates, the induction time gradually decreased with the increasing number of formation cycles and finally stabilized, which indicated the potential of the TBAB/TBAC hydrates for application in cold storage owing to their good durability and short process time for heat absorption and release.
format	article
author	Huan Chen Bingyue Han Chen Lang Min Wen Baitao Fan Zheyuan Liu
author_facet	Huan Chen Bingyue Han Chen Lang Min Wen Baitao Fan Zheyuan Liu
author_sort	Huan Chen
title	Hydrates for Cold Storage: Formation Characteristics, Stability, and Promoters
title_short	Hydrates for Cold Storage: Formation Characteristics, Stability, and Promoters
title_full	Hydrates for Cold Storage: Formation Characteristics, Stability, and Promoters
title_fullStr	Hydrates for Cold Storage: Formation Characteristics, Stability, and Promoters
title_full_unstemmed	Hydrates for Cold Storage: Formation Characteristics, Stability, and Promoters
title_sort	hydrates for cold storage: formation characteristics, stability, and promoters
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2ff3cc1c5e5f4216a4ea2fa716564139
work_keys_str_mv	AT huanchen hydratesforcoldstorageformationcharacteristicsstabilityandpromoters AT bingyuehan hydratesforcoldstorageformationcharacteristicsstabilityandpromoters AT chenlang hydratesforcoldstorageformationcharacteristicsstabilityandpromoters AT minwen hydratesforcoldstorageformationcharacteristicsstabilityandpromoters AT baitaofan hydratesforcoldstorageformationcharacteristicsstabilityandpromoters AT zheyuanliu hydratesforcoldstorageformationcharacteristicsstabilityandpromoters
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Hydrates for Cold Storage: Formation Characteristics, Stability, and Promoters

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