Key Mechanisms and Potential Implications of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Reactive Oxygen Species during Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the principal cause of dementia, and its incidence increases with age. Altered antioxidant systems and inflammation have an important role in the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we evaluated the effects of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i>, a n...

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Autores principales:	Marika Cordaro, Angela Trovato Salinaro, Rosalba Siracusa, Ramona D’Amico, Daniela Impellizzeri, Maria Scuto, Maria Laura Ontario, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Rosanna Di Paola, Roberta Fusco, Vittorio Calabrese
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	inflammasome Alzheimer’s disease oxidative stress Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2ffd090cc2664edb9482112576ef228a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2ffd090cc2664edb9482112576ef228a2021-11-25T16:25:37ZKey Mechanisms and Potential Implications of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Reactive Oxygen Species during Alzheimer’s Disease10.3390/antiox101116642076-3921https://doaj.org/article/2ffd090cc2664edb9482112576ef228a2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/11/1664https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the principal cause of dementia, and its incidence increases with age. Altered antioxidant systems and inflammation have an important role in the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we evaluated the effects of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i>, a nutritional mushroom with important antioxidant effects, in a rat model of AD. Animals were injected with 70 mg/Kg of AlCl3 daily for 6 weeks, and <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> was administered daily by gavage. Before the experiment’s end date, behavioral test training was performed. At the end of the study, behavioral changes were assessed, and the animals were euthanized. Brain tissues were harvested for further analysis. AlCl3 mainly accumulates in the hippocampus, the principal region of the brain involved in memory functions and learning. <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> administration reduced behavioral changes and hippocampal neuronal degeneration. Additionally, it reduced phosphorylated Tau levels, aberrant APP overexpression, and β-amyloid accumulation. Moreover, <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> decreased the pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory hippocampal alterations induced by AD. In particular, it reduced the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, usually activated by increased oxidative stress during AD. Collectively, our results showed that <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> has protective effects on behavioral alteration and histological modification associated with AD due to the modulation of the oxidative and inflammatory pathways, as well as regulating cellular brain stress.Marika CordaroAngela Trovato SalinaroRosalba SiracusaRamona D’AmicoDaniela ImpellizzeriMaria ScutoMaria Laura OntarioSalvatore CuzzocreaRosanna Di PaolaRoberta FuscoVittorio CalabreseMDPI AGarticleinflammasomeAlzheimer’s diseaseoxidative stressTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntioxidants, Vol 10, Iss 1664, p 1664 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	inflammasome Alzheimer’s disease oxidative stress Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	inflammasome Alzheimer’s disease oxidative stress Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Marika Cordaro Angela Trovato Salinaro Rosalba Siracusa Ramona D’Amico Daniela Impellizzeri Maria Scuto Maria Laura Ontario Salvatore Cuzzocrea Rosanna Di Paola Roberta Fusco Vittorio Calabrese Key Mechanisms and Potential Implications of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Reactive Oxygen Species during Alzheimer’s Disease
description	Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the principal cause of dementia, and its incidence increases with age. Altered antioxidant systems and inflammation have an important role in the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we evaluated the effects of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i>, a nutritional mushroom with important antioxidant effects, in a rat model of AD. Animals were injected with 70 mg/Kg of AlCl3 daily for 6 weeks, and <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> was administered daily by gavage. Before the experiment’s end date, behavioral test training was performed. At the end of the study, behavioral changes were assessed, and the animals were euthanized. Brain tissues were harvested for further analysis. AlCl3 mainly accumulates in the hippocampus, the principal region of the brain involved in memory functions and learning. <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> administration reduced behavioral changes and hippocampal neuronal degeneration. Additionally, it reduced phosphorylated Tau levels, aberrant APP overexpression, and β-amyloid accumulation. Moreover, <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> decreased the pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory hippocampal alterations induced by AD. In particular, it reduced the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, usually activated by increased oxidative stress during AD. Collectively, our results showed that <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> has protective effects on behavioral alteration and histological modification associated with AD due to the modulation of the oxidative and inflammatory pathways, as well as regulating cellular brain stress.
format	article
author	Marika Cordaro Angela Trovato Salinaro Rosalba Siracusa Ramona D’Amico Daniela Impellizzeri Maria Scuto Maria Laura Ontario Salvatore Cuzzocrea Rosanna Di Paola Roberta Fusco Vittorio Calabrese
author_facet	Marika Cordaro Angela Trovato Salinaro Rosalba Siracusa Ramona D’Amico Daniela Impellizzeri Maria Scuto Maria Laura Ontario Salvatore Cuzzocrea Rosanna Di Paola Roberta Fusco Vittorio Calabrese
author_sort	Marika Cordaro
title	Key Mechanisms and Potential Implications of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Reactive Oxygen Species during Alzheimer’s Disease
title_short	Key Mechanisms and Potential Implications of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Reactive Oxygen Species during Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full	Key Mechanisms and Potential Implications of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Reactive Oxygen Species during Alzheimer’s Disease
title_fullStr	Key Mechanisms and Potential Implications of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Reactive Oxygen Species during Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full_unstemmed	Key Mechanisms and Potential Implications of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Reactive Oxygen Species during Alzheimer’s Disease
title_sort	key mechanisms and potential implications of <i>hericium erinaceus</i> in nlrp3 inflammasome activation by reactive oxygen species during alzheimer’s disease
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2ffd090cc2664edb9482112576ef228a
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Key Mechanisms and Potential Implications of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Reactive Oxygen Species during Alzheimer’s Disease

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