Transcriptomics, Epigenetics, and Metabolomics of Primary Aldosteronism

Introduction: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of endocrine hypertension, mainly caused by aldosterone-producing adenomas or hyperplasia; understanding its pathophysiological background is important in order to provide ameliorative treatment strategies. Over the past several years...

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Autores principales:	Ariadni Spyroglou, George P. Piaditis, Gregory Kaltsas, Krystallenia I. Alexandraki
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	primary aldosteronism transcriptomics epigenetics metabolomics Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3022cd3b912f49498f9d2cec5fb9f9d9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3022cd3b912f49498f9d2cec5fb9f9d92021-11-11T15:36:02ZTranscriptomics, Epigenetics, and Metabolomics of Primary Aldosteronism10.3390/cancers132155822072-6694https://doaj.org/article/3022cd3b912f49498f9d2cec5fb9f9d92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5582https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694Introduction: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of endocrine hypertension, mainly caused by aldosterone-producing adenomas or hyperplasia; understanding its pathophysiological background is important in order to provide ameliorative treatment strategies. Over the past several years, significant progress has been documented in this field, in particular in the clarification of the genetic and molecular mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs). Methods: Systematic searches of the PubMed and Cochrane databases were performed for all human studies applying transcriptomic, epigenetic or metabolomic analyses to PA subjects. Studies involving serial analysis of gene expression and microarray, epigenetic studies with methylome analyses and micro-RNA expression profiles, and metabolomic studies focused on improving understanding of the regulation of autonomous aldosterone production in PA were all included. Results: In this review we summarize the main findings in this area and analyze the interplay between primary aldosteronism and several signaling pathways with differential regulation of the RNA and protein expression of several factors involved in, among others, steroidogenesis, calcium signaling, and nuclear, membrane and G-coupled protein receptors. Distinct transcriptomic and metabolomic patterns are also presented herein, depending on the mutational status of APAs. In particular, two partially opposite transcriptional and steroidogenic profiles appear to distinguish APAs carrying a <i>KCNJ5</i> mutation from all other APAs, which carry different mutations. Conclusions: These findings can substantially contribute to the development of personalized treatment in patients with PA.Ariadni SpyroglouGeorge P. PiaditisGregory KaltsasKrystallenia I. AlexandrakiMDPI AGarticleprimary aldosteronismtranscriptomicsepigeneticsmetabolomicsNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5582, p 5582 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	primary aldosteronism transcriptomics epigenetics metabolomics Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	primary aldosteronism transcriptomics epigenetics metabolomics Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Ariadni Spyroglou George P. Piaditis Gregory Kaltsas Krystallenia I. Alexandraki Transcriptomics, Epigenetics, and Metabolomics of Primary Aldosteronism
description	Introduction: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of endocrine hypertension, mainly caused by aldosterone-producing adenomas or hyperplasia; understanding its pathophysiological background is important in order to provide ameliorative treatment strategies. Over the past several years, significant progress has been documented in this field, in particular in the clarification of the genetic and molecular mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs). Methods: Systematic searches of the PubMed and Cochrane databases were performed for all human studies applying transcriptomic, epigenetic or metabolomic analyses to PA subjects. Studies involving serial analysis of gene expression and microarray, epigenetic studies with methylome analyses and micro-RNA expression profiles, and metabolomic studies focused on improving understanding of the regulation of autonomous aldosterone production in PA were all included. Results: In this review we summarize the main findings in this area and analyze the interplay between primary aldosteronism and several signaling pathways with differential regulation of the RNA and protein expression of several factors involved in, among others, steroidogenesis, calcium signaling, and nuclear, membrane and G-coupled protein receptors. Distinct transcriptomic and metabolomic patterns are also presented herein, depending on the mutational status of APAs. In particular, two partially opposite transcriptional and steroidogenic profiles appear to distinguish APAs carrying a <i>KCNJ5</i> mutation from all other APAs, which carry different mutations. Conclusions: These findings can substantially contribute to the development of personalized treatment in patients with PA.
format	article
author	Ariadni Spyroglou George P. Piaditis Gregory Kaltsas Krystallenia I. Alexandraki
author_facet	Ariadni Spyroglou George P. Piaditis Gregory Kaltsas Krystallenia I. Alexandraki
author_sort	Ariadni Spyroglou
title	Transcriptomics, Epigenetics, and Metabolomics of Primary Aldosteronism
title_short	Transcriptomics, Epigenetics, and Metabolomics of Primary Aldosteronism
title_full	Transcriptomics, Epigenetics, and Metabolomics of Primary Aldosteronism
title_fullStr	Transcriptomics, Epigenetics, and Metabolomics of Primary Aldosteronism
title_full_unstemmed	Transcriptomics, Epigenetics, and Metabolomics of Primary Aldosteronism
title_sort	transcriptomics, epigenetics, and metabolomics of primary aldosteronism
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3022cd3b912f49498f9d2cec5fb9f9d9
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Transcriptomics, Epigenetics, and Metabolomics of Primary Aldosteronism

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