Cognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging

Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros1, Juan Botella1, María Dolores Zamarrón1, María Ángeles Molina1, Emilia Cabras1, Rocío Schettini1, Lluis Tárraga21Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; 2ACE Foundation, Catal...

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Autores principales:	Fernández-Ballesteros R, Botella J, Zamarrón MD, Molina MÁ, Cabras E, Schettini R, Tárraga L
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2012
Materias:	Cognitive plasticity modifyability learning age ageing alzeimer´s disease mild cognitive impairment Geriatrics RC952-954.6
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3025bbfa9ee0485283bd8f85a9f6920b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3025bbfa9ee0485283bd8f85a9f6920b2021-12-02T02:53:13ZCognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging1178-1998https://doaj.org/article/3025bbfa9ee0485283bd8f85a9f6920b2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/cognitive-plasticity-in-normal-and-pathological-aging-peer-reviewed-article-CIAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-1998Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros1, Juan Botella1, María Dolores Zamarrón1, María Ángeles Molina1, Emilia Cabras1, Rocío Schettini1, Lluis Tárraga21Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; 2ACE Foundation, Catalonian Institute of Applied Neurosciences, Barcelona, SpainAbstract: The main goal of the present study is to examine to what extent age and cognitive impairment contribute to learning performance (cognitive plasticity, cognitive modifiability, or learning potential). To address this question, participants coming from four studies (Longitudinal Study of Active Aging, age range, 55–75 years, N = 458; Longitudinal Study in the very old [90+], age range, 90–102, N = 188, and Cognitive Plasticity within the Course of Cognitive Impairment, 97 “Normal”, 57 mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 98 Alzheimer's disease [AD] patients) were examined through a measure of verbal learning (developed from Rey). The results show that all age, MCI, and AD groups learned across the five learning trials of that test, but significant differences were found due to age, pathology, and education. The effects of pathology (MCI and AD) can be expressed in a metric of “years of normal decline by age”; specifically, being MCI means suffering an impairment in performance that is equivalent to the decline of a normal individual during 15 years, whereas the impact of AD is equivalent to 22.7 years. Likewise, the improvement associated with about 5 years of education is equivalent to about 1 year less of normal aging. Also, the two pathological groups significantly differed from “normal” groups in the delayed trial of the test. The most dramatic difference is that between the “normal” group and the AD patients, which shows relatively poorer performance for the AD group in the delayed trial than in the first learning trial. The potential role of this unique effect for quick detection purposes of AD is assessed (in the 75–89 years age range, sensitivity and specificity equal 0.813 and 0.917, respectively).Keywords: cognitive plasticity, cognitive modifiability, learning age, aging, Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairmentFernández-Ballesteros RBotella JZamarrón MDMolina MÁCabras ESchettini RTárraga LDove Medical PressarticleCognitive plasticitymodifyabilitylearningageageingalzeimer´s diseasemild cognitive impairmentGeriatricsRC952-954.6ENClinical Interventions in Aging, Vol Volume 7, Pp 15-25 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Cognitive plasticity modifyability learning age ageing alzeimer´s disease mild cognitive impairment Geriatrics RC952-954.6
spellingShingle	Cognitive plasticity modifyability learning age ageing alzeimer´s disease mild cognitive impairment Geriatrics RC952-954.6 Fernández-Ballesteros R Botella J Zamarrón MD Molina MÁ Cabras E Schettini R Tárraga L Cognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging
description	Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros1, Juan Botella1, María Dolores Zamarrón1, María Ángeles Molina1, Emilia Cabras1, Rocío Schettini1, Lluis Tárraga21Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; 2ACE Foundation, Catalonian Institute of Applied Neurosciences, Barcelona, SpainAbstract: The main goal of the present study is to examine to what extent age and cognitive impairment contribute to learning performance (cognitive plasticity, cognitive modifiability, or learning potential). To address this question, participants coming from four studies (Longitudinal Study of Active Aging, age range, 55–75 years, N = 458; Longitudinal Study in the very old [90+], age range, 90–102, N = 188, and Cognitive Plasticity within the Course of Cognitive Impairment, 97 “Normal”, 57 mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 98 Alzheimer's disease [AD] patients) were examined through a measure of verbal learning (developed from Rey). The results show that all age, MCI, and AD groups learned across the five learning trials of that test, but significant differences were found due to age, pathology, and education. The effects of pathology (MCI and AD) can be expressed in a metric of “years of normal decline by age”; specifically, being MCI means suffering an impairment in performance that is equivalent to the decline of a normal individual during 15 years, whereas the impact of AD is equivalent to 22.7 years. Likewise, the improvement associated with about 5 years of education is equivalent to about 1 year less of normal aging. Also, the two pathological groups significantly differed from “normal” groups in the delayed trial of the test. The most dramatic difference is that between the “normal” group and the AD patients, which shows relatively poorer performance for the AD group in the delayed trial than in the first learning trial. The potential role of this unique effect for quick detection purposes of AD is assessed (in the 75–89 years age range, sensitivity and specificity equal 0.813 and 0.917, respectively).Keywords: cognitive plasticity, cognitive modifiability, learning age, aging, Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment
format	article
author	Fernández-Ballesteros R Botella J Zamarrón MD Molina MÁ Cabras E Schettini R Tárraga L
author_facet	Fernández-Ballesteros R Botella J Zamarrón MD Molina MÁ Cabras E Schettini R Tárraga L
author_sort	Fernández-Ballesteros R
title	Cognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging
title_short	Cognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging
title_full	Cognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging
title_fullStr	Cognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging
title_full_unstemmed	Cognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging
title_sort	cognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/3025bbfa9ee0485283bd8f85a9f6920b
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Cognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging

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