Micro-RNA Implications in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature

Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most well-defined and complex metabolic disorders, characterized by hyperglycemia, with a constantly increasing incidence in children and adolescents. While current knowledge regarding the molecules related to the pathogenesis and diagnosis of T1DM is va...

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Autores principales:	Kosmas Margaritis, Georgia Margioula-Siarkou, Styliani Giza, Eleni P. Kotanidou, Vasiliki Regina Tsinopoulou, Athanasios Christoforidis, Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	micro-RNA type-1 diabetes mellitus hyperglycemia biomarkers Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/303f338fd9ff49a8be69d072cfb8a551
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:303f338fd9ff49a8be69d072cfb8a551
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:303f338fd9ff49a8be69d072cfb8a5512021-11-25T17:53:56ZMicro-RNA Implications in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature10.3390/ijms2222121651422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/303f338fd9ff49a8be69d072cfb8a5512021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12165https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most well-defined and complex metabolic disorders, characterized by hyperglycemia, with a constantly increasing incidence in children and adolescents. While current knowledge regarding the molecules related to the pathogenesis and diagnosis of T1DM is vast, the discovery of new molecules, such as micro ribonucleic acids (micro-RNAs, miRNAs), as well as their interactions with T1DM, has spurred novel prospects in the diagnosis of the disease. This review aims at summarizing current knowledge regarding miRNAs’ biosynthesis and action pathways and their role as gene expression regulators in T1DM. MiRNAs follow a complex biosynthesis pathway, including cleaving and transport from nucleus to cytoplasm. After assembly of their final form, they inhibit translation or cause messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation, resulting in the obstruction of protein synthesis. Many studies have reported miRNA involvement in T1DM pathogenesis, mainly through interference with pancreatic b-cell function, insulin production and secretion. They are also found to contribute to β-cell destruction, as they aid in the production of autoreactive agents. Due to their elevated accumulation in various biological specimens, as well as their involvement in T1DM pathogenesis, their role as biomarkers in early preclinical T1DM diagnosis is widely hypothesized, with future studies concerning their diagnostic value deemed a necessity.Kosmas MargaritisGeorgia Margioula-SiarkouStyliani GizaEleni P. KotanidouVasiliki Regina TsinopoulouAthanasios ChristoforidisAssimina Galli-TsinopoulouMDPI AGarticlemicro-RNAtype-1 diabetes mellitushyperglycemiabiomarkersBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12165, p 12165 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	micro-RNA type-1 diabetes mellitus hyperglycemia biomarkers Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	micro-RNA type-1 diabetes mellitus hyperglycemia biomarkers Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Kosmas Margaritis Georgia Margioula-Siarkou Styliani Giza Eleni P. Kotanidou Vasiliki Regina Tsinopoulou Athanasios Christoforidis Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou Micro-RNA Implications in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature
description	Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most well-defined and complex metabolic disorders, characterized by hyperglycemia, with a constantly increasing incidence in children and adolescents. While current knowledge regarding the molecules related to the pathogenesis and diagnosis of T1DM is vast, the discovery of new molecules, such as micro ribonucleic acids (micro-RNAs, miRNAs), as well as their interactions with T1DM, has spurred novel prospects in the diagnosis of the disease. This review aims at summarizing current knowledge regarding miRNAs’ biosynthesis and action pathways and their role as gene expression regulators in T1DM. MiRNAs follow a complex biosynthesis pathway, including cleaving and transport from nucleus to cytoplasm. After assembly of their final form, they inhibit translation or cause messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation, resulting in the obstruction of protein synthesis. Many studies have reported miRNA involvement in T1DM pathogenesis, mainly through interference with pancreatic b-cell function, insulin production and secretion. They are also found to contribute to β-cell destruction, as they aid in the production of autoreactive agents. Due to their elevated accumulation in various biological specimens, as well as their involvement in T1DM pathogenesis, their role as biomarkers in early preclinical T1DM diagnosis is widely hypothesized, with future studies concerning their diagnostic value deemed a necessity.
format	article
author	Kosmas Margaritis Georgia Margioula-Siarkou Styliani Giza Eleni P. Kotanidou Vasiliki Regina Tsinopoulou Athanasios Christoforidis Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
author_facet	Kosmas Margaritis Georgia Margioula-Siarkou Styliani Giza Eleni P. Kotanidou Vasiliki Regina Tsinopoulou Athanasios Christoforidis Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
author_sort	Kosmas Margaritis
title	Micro-RNA Implications in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature
title_short	Micro-RNA Implications in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature
title_full	Micro-RNA Implications in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature
title_fullStr	Micro-RNA Implications in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature
title_full_unstemmed	Micro-RNA Implications in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature
title_sort	micro-rna implications in type-1 diabetes mellitus: a review of literature
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/303f338fd9ff49a8be69d072cfb8a551
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Micro-RNA Implications in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature

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