Effects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard

Abstract This study characterized the effect of green manures (February orchid, hairy vetch, rattail fescue and a no-green-manure control) and the termination method (flail or disk) on nutrient contents, enzyme activities, microbial biomass, microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil and vege...

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Autores principales:	Ningguang Dong, Guanglong Hu, Yunqi Zhang, Jianxun Qi, Yonghao Chen, Yanbin Hao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/308557cb0c4d42389524c3190e40af1f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:308557cb0c4d42389524c3190e40af1f2021-12-02T17:08:43ZEffects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard10.1038/s41598-021-96472-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/308557cb0c4d42389524c3190e40af1f2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96472-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract This study characterized the effect of green manures (February orchid, hairy vetch, rattail fescue and a no-green-manure control) and the termination method (flail or disk) on nutrient contents, enzyme activities, microbial biomass, microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil and vegetative growth of walnut tree. All three selected green manures significantly enhanced the water content, organic C, total N and available P. The rattail fescue significantly decreased the mineral N. Total organic C, total N, mineral N and available P were significantly greater under flail than under disk. Hairy vetch and February orchid significantly improved levels of soil β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activity, whereas rattail fescue improved only β-glucosidase activity. All of the green manures significantly decreased phenoloxidase activity. β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activities were significantly greater under flail relative to disk. The termination method had no significant effect on phenoloxidase activity. The different types of green manures and termination methods significantly altered the soil microbial biomass and microbial community structure. The green-manure treatments were characterized by a significantly greater abundance of Gram-positive (Gram +) bacteria, total bacteria and saprophytic fungi compared to the control. Hairy vetch significantly decreased the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) while February orchid and rattail fescue increased their abundance compared to the no-green-manure treatment. The abundance rates of Gram+ bacteria, actinomycetes, saprophytic fungi and AMF were significantly greater in soils under flail than under disk. In terms of vegetative growth of walnut tree, hairy vetch showed the greatest positive effects. The growth of walnut tree was significantly greater under flail relative to disk. Our results indicate that green-manure application benefits the rhizosphere soil micro-ecology, rhizosphere soil nutrient contents and tree growth. Overall, the hairy vetch and flail combined treatment is recommended for walnut orchards in northern China.Ningguang DongGuanglong HuYunqi ZhangJianxun QiYonghao ChenYanbin HaoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ningguang Dong Guanglong Hu Yunqi Zhang Jianxun Qi Yonghao Chen Yanbin Hao Effects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard
description	Abstract This study characterized the effect of green manures (February orchid, hairy vetch, rattail fescue and a no-green-manure control) and the termination method (flail or disk) on nutrient contents, enzyme activities, microbial biomass, microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil and vegetative growth of walnut tree. All three selected green manures significantly enhanced the water content, organic C, total N and available P. The rattail fescue significantly decreased the mineral N. Total organic C, total N, mineral N and available P were significantly greater under flail than under disk. Hairy vetch and February orchid significantly improved levels of soil β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activity, whereas rattail fescue improved only β-glucosidase activity. All of the green manures significantly decreased phenoloxidase activity. β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activities were significantly greater under flail relative to disk. The termination method had no significant effect on phenoloxidase activity. The different types of green manures and termination methods significantly altered the soil microbial biomass and microbial community structure. The green-manure treatments were characterized by a significantly greater abundance of Gram-positive (Gram +) bacteria, total bacteria and saprophytic fungi compared to the control. Hairy vetch significantly decreased the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) while February orchid and rattail fescue increased their abundance compared to the no-green-manure treatment. The abundance rates of Gram+ bacteria, actinomycetes, saprophytic fungi and AMF were significantly greater in soils under flail than under disk. In terms of vegetative growth of walnut tree, hairy vetch showed the greatest positive effects. The growth of walnut tree was significantly greater under flail relative to disk. Our results indicate that green-manure application benefits the rhizosphere soil micro-ecology, rhizosphere soil nutrient contents and tree growth. Overall, the hairy vetch and flail combined treatment is recommended for walnut orchards in northern China.
format	article
author	Ningguang Dong Guanglong Hu Yunqi Zhang Jianxun Qi Yonghao Chen Yanbin Hao
author_facet	Ningguang Dong Guanglong Hu Yunqi Zhang Jianxun Qi Yonghao Chen Yanbin Hao
author_sort	Ningguang Dong
title	Effects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard
title_short	Effects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard
title_full	Effects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard
title_fullStr	Effects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard
title_sort	effects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/308557cb0c4d42389524c3190e40af1f
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Effects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard

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