Microbial Signatures in Fertile Soils Under Long-Term N Management

Long-term reliance on inorganic N to maintain and increase crop yields in overly simplified cropping systems in the U.S. Midwest region has led to soil acidification, potentially damaging biological N2 fixation and accelerating potential nitrification activities. Building on this published work, rRN...

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Autores principales:	María B. Villamil, Nakian Kim, Chance W. Riggins, María C. Zabaloy, Marco Allegrini, Sandra L. Rodríguez-Zas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	archaea bacteria fungi nitrogen maize soybean Chemistry QD1-999 Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction TA703-712
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/30a8b899f1da4b37844000147c2e65c0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:30a8b899f1da4b37844000147c2e65c02021-12-02T07:38:01ZMicrobial Signatures in Fertile Soils Under Long-Term N Management2673-861910.3389/fsoil.2021.765901https://doaj.org/article/30a8b899f1da4b37844000147c2e65c02021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2021.765901/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2673-8619Long-term reliance on inorganic N to maintain and increase crop yields in overly simplified cropping systems in the U.S. Midwest region has led to soil acidification, potentially damaging biological N2 fixation and accelerating potential nitrification activities. Building on this published work, rRNA gene-based analysis via Illumina technology with QIIME 2.0 processing was used to characterize the changes in microbial communities associated with such responses. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) for each archaeal, bacterial, and fungal taxa were classified using the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP). Our goal was to identify bioindicators from microbes responsive to crop rotation and N fertilization rates following 34–35 years since the initiation of experiments. Research plots were established in 1981 with treatments of rotation [continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CCC) and both the corn (Cs) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) (Sc) phases of a corn-soybean rotation], and of N fertilization rates (0, 202, and 269 kg N/ha) arranged as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. We identified a set of three archaea, and six fungal genera responding mainly to rotation; a set of three bacteria genera whose abundances were linked to N rates; and a set with the highest number of indicator genera from both bacteria (22) and fungal (12) taxa responded to N fertilizer additions only within the CCC system. Indicators associated with the N cycle were identified from each archaeal, bacterial, and fungal taxon, with a dominance of denitrifier- over nitrifier- groups. These were represented by a nitrifier archaeon Nitrososphaera, and Woesearchaeota AR15, an anaerobic denitrifier. These archaea were identified as part of the signature for CCC environments, decreasing in abundance with rotated management. The opposite response was recorded for the fungus Plectosphaerella, a potential N2O producer, less abundant under continuous corn. N fertilization in CCC or CS systems decreased the abundance of the bacteria genera Variovorax and Steroidobacter, whereas Gp22 and Nitrosospira only showed this response under CCC. In this latter system, N fertilization resulted in increased abundances of the bacterial denitrifiers Gp1, Denitratisoma, Dokdonella, and Thermomonas, along with the fungus Hypocrea, a known N2O producer. The identified signatures could help future monitoring and comparison across cropping systems as we move toward more sustainable management practices. At the same time, this is needed primary information to understand the potential for managing the soil community composition to reduce nutrient losses to the environment.María B. VillamilNakian KimChance W. RigginsMaría C. ZabaloyMarco AllegriniSandra L. Rodríguez-ZasFrontiers Media S.A.articlearchaeabacteriafunginitrogenmaizesoybeanChemistryQD1-999Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground constructionTA703-712ENFrontiers in Soil Science, Vol 1 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	archaea bacteria fungi nitrogen maize soybean Chemistry QD1-999 Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction TA703-712
spellingShingle	archaea bacteria fungi nitrogen maize soybean Chemistry QD1-999 Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction TA703-712 María B. Villamil Nakian Kim Chance W. Riggins María C. Zabaloy Marco Allegrini Sandra L. Rodríguez-Zas Microbial Signatures in Fertile Soils Under Long-Term N Management
description	Long-term reliance on inorganic N to maintain and increase crop yields in overly simplified cropping systems in the U.S. Midwest region has led to soil acidification, potentially damaging biological N2 fixation and accelerating potential nitrification activities. Building on this published work, rRNA gene-based analysis via Illumina technology with QIIME 2.0 processing was used to characterize the changes in microbial communities associated with such responses. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) for each archaeal, bacterial, and fungal taxa were classified using the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP). Our goal was to identify bioindicators from microbes responsive to crop rotation and N fertilization rates following 34–35 years since the initiation of experiments. Research plots were established in 1981 with treatments of rotation [continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CCC) and both the corn (Cs) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) (Sc) phases of a corn-soybean rotation], and of N fertilization rates (0, 202, and 269 kg N/ha) arranged as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. We identified a set of three archaea, and six fungal genera responding mainly to rotation; a set of three bacteria genera whose abundances were linked to N rates; and a set with the highest number of indicator genera from both bacteria (22) and fungal (12) taxa responded to N fertilizer additions only within the CCC system. Indicators associated with the N cycle were identified from each archaeal, bacterial, and fungal taxon, with a dominance of denitrifier- over nitrifier- groups. These were represented by a nitrifier archaeon Nitrososphaera, and Woesearchaeota AR15, an anaerobic denitrifier. These archaea were identified as part of the signature for CCC environments, decreasing in abundance with rotated management. The opposite response was recorded for the fungus Plectosphaerella, a potential N2O producer, less abundant under continuous corn. N fertilization in CCC or CS systems decreased the abundance of the bacteria genera Variovorax and Steroidobacter, whereas Gp22 and Nitrosospira only showed this response under CCC. In this latter system, N fertilization resulted in increased abundances of the bacterial denitrifiers Gp1, Denitratisoma, Dokdonella, and Thermomonas, along with the fungus Hypocrea, a known N2O producer. The identified signatures could help future monitoring and comparison across cropping systems as we move toward more sustainable management practices. At the same time, this is needed primary information to understand the potential for managing the soil community composition to reduce nutrient losses to the environment.
format	article
author	María B. Villamil Nakian Kim Chance W. Riggins María C. Zabaloy Marco Allegrini Sandra L. Rodríguez-Zas
author_facet	María B. Villamil Nakian Kim Chance W. Riggins María C. Zabaloy Marco Allegrini Sandra L. Rodríguez-Zas
author_sort	María B. Villamil
title	Microbial Signatures in Fertile Soils Under Long-Term N Management
title_short	Microbial Signatures in Fertile Soils Under Long-Term N Management
title_full	Microbial Signatures in Fertile Soils Under Long-Term N Management
title_fullStr	Microbial Signatures in Fertile Soils Under Long-Term N Management
title_full_unstemmed	Microbial Signatures in Fertile Soils Under Long-Term N Management
title_sort	microbial signatures in fertile soils under long-term n management
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/30a8b899f1da4b37844000147c2e65c0
work_keys_str_mv	AT mariabvillamil microbialsignaturesinfertilesoilsunderlongtermnmanagement AT nakiankim microbialsignaturesinfertilesoilsunderlongtermnmanagement AT chancewriggins microbialsignaturesinfertilesoilsunderlongtermnmanagement AT mariaczabaloy microbialsignaturesinfertilesoilsunderlongtermnmanagement AT marcoallegrini microbialsignaturesinfertilesoilsunderlongtermnmanagement AT sandralrodriguezzas microbialsignaturesinfertilesoilsunderlongtermnmanagement
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Microbial Signatures in Fertile Soils Under Long-Term N Management

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