Nascent Genomic Evolution and Allopatric Speciation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Myroides profundi</named-content> D25 in Its Transition from Land to Ocean

ABSTRACT A large amount of bacterial biomass is transferred from land to ocean annually. Most transferred bacteria should not survive, but undoubtedly some do. It is unclear what mechanisms these bacteria use in order to survive and even thrive in a new marine environment. Myroides profundi D25T, a...

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Autores principales:	Yu-Zhong Zhang, Yi Li, Bin-Bin Xie, Xiu-Lan Chen, Qiong-Qiong Yao, Xi-Ying Zhang, Megan L. Kempher, Jizhong Zhou, Aharon Oren, Qi-Long Qin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2016
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/30cbac8d0ac94606bd0b2c4da884db86
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:30cbac8d0ac94606bd0b2c4da884db862021-11-15T15:49:39ZNascent Genomic Evolution and Allopatric Speciation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Myroides profundi</named-content> D25 in Its Transition from Land to Ocean10.1128/mBio.01946-152150-7511https://doaj.org/article/30cbac8d0ac94606bd0b2c4da884db862016-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01946-15https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT A large amount of bacterial biomass is transferred from land to ocean annually. Most transferred bacteria should not survive, but undoubtedly some do. It is unclear what mechanisms these bacteria use in order to survive and even thrive in a new marine environment. Myroides profundi D25T, a member of the Bacteroidetes phylum, was isolated from deep-sea sediment of the southern Okinawa Trough near the China mainland and had high genomic sequence identity to and synteny with the human opportunistic pathogen Myroides odoratimimus. Phylogenetic and physiological analyses suggested that M. profundi recently transitioned from land to the ocean. This provided an opportunity to explore how a bacterial genome evolved to survive in a novel environment. Changes in the transcriptome were evaluated when both species were cultured under low-salinity conditions and then transferred to high-salinity conditions. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that M. profundi altered transcription regulation in the early stages of survival. In these stages, vertically inherited genes played a key role in the survival of M. profundi. The contribution of M. profundi unique genes, some possibly acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), appeared relatively small, and expression levels of unique genes were diminished under the high-salinity conditions. We postulate that HGT genes might play an important role in longer-term adaptation. These results suggested that some human pathogens might have the ability to survive in and adapt to the marine environment, which may have important implications for public health control in coastal regions. IMPORTANCE Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is considered to be important for bacteria to adapt to a different microhabitat. However, our results showed that vertically inherited genes might play more important roles than HGT genes in the nascent adaptation to the marine environment in the bacterium Myroides profundi, which has recently been transferred from land to ocean. M. profundi unique genes had low expression levels and were less regulated under high-salinity conditions, indicating that the contribution of HGT genes to survival of this bacterium under marine high-salinity conditions was limited. In the early adaptation stages, M. profundi apparently survived and adapted mainly by regulating the expression of inherited core genes. These results may explain in part why human pathogens can easily be detected in marine environments.Yu-Zhong ZhangYi LiBin-Bin XieXiu-Lan ChenQiong-Qiong YaoXi-Ying ZhangMegan L. KempherJizhong ZhouAharon OrenQi-Long QinAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 7, Iss 1 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Yu-Zhong Zhang Yi Li Bin-Bin Xie Xiu-Lan Chen Qiong-Qiong Yao Xi-Ying Zhang Megan L. Kempher Jizhong Zhou Aharon Oren Qi-Long Qin Nascent Genomic Evolution and Allopatric Speciation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Myroides profundi</named-content> D25 in Its Transition from Land to Ocean
description	ABSTRACT A large amount of bacterial biomass is transferred from land to ocean annually. Most transferred bacteria should not survive, but undoubtedly some do. It is unclear what mechanisms these bacteria use in order to survive and even thrive in a new marine environment. Myroides profundi D25T, a member of the Bacteroidetes phylum, was isolated from deep-sea sediment of the southern Okinawa Trough near the China mainland and had high genomic sequence identity to and synteny with the human opportunistic pathogen Myroides odoratimimus. Phylogenetic and physiological analyses suggested that M. profundi recently transitioned from land to the ocean. This provided an opportunity to explore how a bacterial genome evolved to survive in a novel environment. Changes in the transcriptome were evaluated when both species were cultured under low-salinity conditions and then transferred to high-salinity conditions. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that M. profundi altered transcription regulation in the early stages of survival. In these stages, vertically inherited genes played a key role in the survival of M. profundi. The contribution of M. profundi unique genes, some possibly acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), appeared relatively small, and expression levels of unique genes were diminished under the high-salinity conditions. We postulate that HGT genes might play an important role in longer-term adaptation. These results suggested that some human pathogens might have the ability to survive in and adapt to the marine environment, which may have important implications for public health control in coastal regions. IMPORTANCE Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is considered to be important for bacteria to adapt to a different microhabitat. However, our results showed that vertically inherited genes might play more important roles than HGT genes in the nascent adaptation to the marine environment in the bacterium Myroides profundi, which has recently been transferred from land to ocean. M. profundi unique genes had low expression levels and were less regulated under high-salinity conditions, indicating that the contribution of HGT genes to survival of this bacterium under marine high-salinity conditions was limited. In the early adaptation stages, M. profundi apparently survived and adapted mainly by regulating the expression of inherited core genes. These results may explain in part why human pathogens can easily be detected in marine environments.
format	article
author	Yu-Zhong Zhang Yi Li Bin-Bin Xie Xiu-Lan Chen Qiong-Qiong Yao Xi-Ying Zhang Megan L. Kempher Jizhong Zhou Aharon Oren Qi-Long Qin
author_facet	Yu-Zhong Zhang Yi Li Bin-Bin Xie Xiu-Lan Chen Qiong-Qiong Yao Xi-Ying Zhang Megan L. Kempher Jizhong Zhou Aharon Oren Qi-Long Qin
author_sort	Yu-Zhong Zhang
title	Nascent Genomic Evolution and Allopatric Speciation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Myroides profundi</named-content> D25 in Its Transition from Land to Ocean
title_short	Nascent Genomic Evolution and Allopatric Speciation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Myroides profundi</named-content> D25 in Its Transition from Land to Ocean
title_full	Nascent Genomic Evolution and Allopatric Speciation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Myroides profundi</named-content> D25 in Its Transition from Land to Ocean
title_fullStr	Nascent Genomic Evolution and Allopatric Speciation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Myroides profundi</named-content> D25 in Its Transition from Land to Ocean
title_full_unstemmed	Nascent Genomic Evolution and Allopatric Speciation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Myroides profundi</named-content> D25 in Its Transition from Land to Ocean
title_sort	nascent genomic evolution and allopatric speciation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">myroides profundi</named-content> d25 in its transition from land to ocean
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/30cbac8d0ac94606bd0b2c4da884db86
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Nascent Genomic Evolution and Allopatric Speciation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Myroides profundi</named-content> D25 in Its Transition from Land to Ocean

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