Atypical/Nor98 scrapie infectivity in sheep peripheral tissues.
Atypical/Nor98 scrapie was first identified in 1998 in Norway. It is now considered as a worldwide disease of small ruminants and currently represents a significant part of the detected transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) cases in Europe. Atypical/Nor98 scrapie cases were reported in ARR...
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2011
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oai:doaj.org-article:30d9590d064043eba600ccc38db176392021-11-18T06:03:37ZAtypical/Nor98 scrapie infectivity in sheep peripheral tissues.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1001285https://doaj.org/article/30d9590d064043eba600ccc38db176392011-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21347349/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Atypical/Nor98 scrapie was first identified in 1998 in Norway. It is now considered as a worldwide disease of small ruminants and currently represents a significant part of the detected transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) cases in Europe. Atypical/Nor98 scrapie cases were reported in ARR/ARR sheep, which are highly resistant to BSE and other small ruminants TSE agents. The biology and pathogenesis of the Atypical/Nor98 scrapie agent in its natural host is still poorly understood. However, based on the absence of detectable abnormal PrP in peripheral tissues of affected individuals, human and animal exposure risk to this specific TSE agent has been considered low. In this study we demonstrate that infectivity can accumulate, even if no abnormal PrP is detectable, in lymphoid tissues, nerves, and muscles from natural and/or experimental Atypical/Nor98 scrapie cases. Evidence is provided that, in comparison to other TSE agents, samples containing Atypical/Nor98 scrapie infectivity could remain PrP(Sc) negative. This feature will impact detection of Atypical/Nor98 scrapie cases in the field, and highlights the need to review current evaluations of the disease prevalence and potential transmissibility. Finally, an estimate is made of the infectivity loads accumulating in peripheral tissues in both Atypical/Nor98 and classical scrapie cases that currently enter the food chain. The results obtained indicate that dietary exposure risk to small ruminants TSE agents may be higher than commonly believed.Olivier AndréolettiLeonor OrgeSylvie L BenestadVincent BeringueClaire LitaiseStéphanie SimonAnnick Le DurHubert LaudeHugh SimmonsSéverine LuganFabien CorbièrePierrette CostesNathalie MorelFrançois SchelcherCaroline LacrouxPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 7, Iss 2, p e1001285 (2011) |
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| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
| spellingShingle |
Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Olivier Andréoletti Leonor Orge Sylvie L Benestad Vincent Beringue Claire Litaise Stéphanie Simon Annick Le Dur Hubert Laude Hugh Simmons Séverine Lugan Fabien Corbière Pierrette Costes Nathalie Morel François Schelcher Caroline Lacroux Atypical/Nor98 scrapie infectivity in sheep peripheral tissues. |
| description |
Atypical/Nor98 scrapie was first identified in 1998 in Norway. It is now considered as a worldwide disease of small ruminants and currently represents a significant part of the detected transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) cases in Europe. Atypical/Nor98 scrapie cases were reported in ARR/ARR sheep, which are highly resistant to BSE and other small ruminants TSE agents. The biology and pathogenesis of the Atypical/Nor98 scrapie agent in its natural host is still poorly understood. However, based on the absence of detectable abnormal PrP in peripheral tissues of affected individuals, human and animal exposure risk to this specific TSE agent has been considered low. In this study we demonstrate that infectivity can accumulate, even if no abnormal PrP is detectable, in lymphoid tissues, nerves, and muscles from natural and/or experimental Atypical/Nor98 scrapie cases. Evidence is provided that, in comparison to other TSE agents, samples containing Atypical/Nor98 scrapie infectivity could remain PrP(Sc) negative. This feature will impact detection of Atypical/Nor98 scrapie cases in the field, and highlights the need to review current evaluations of the disease prevalence and potential transmissibility. Finally, an estimate is made of the infectivity loads accumulating in peripheral tissues in both Atypical/Nor98 and classical scrapie cases that currently enter the food chain. The results obtained indicate that dietary exposure risk to small ruminants TSE agents may be higher than commonly believed. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Olivier Andréoletti Leonor Orge Sylvie L Benestad Vincent Beringue Claire Litaise Stéphanie Simon Annick Le Dur Hubert Laude Hugh Simmons Séverine Lugan Fabien Corbière Pierrette Costes Nathalie Morel François Schelcher Caroline Lacroux |
| author_facet |
Olivier Andréoletti Leonor Orge Sylvie L Benestad Vincent Beringue Claire Litaise Stéphanie Simon Annick Le Dur Hubert Laude Hugh Simmons Séverine Lugan Fabien Corbière Pierrette Costes Nathalie Morel François Schelcher Caroline Lacroux |
| author_sort |
Olivier Andréoletti |
| title |
Atypical/Nor98 scrapie infectivity in sheep peripheral tissues. |
| title_short |
Atypical/Nor98 scrapie infectivity in sheep peripheral tissues. |
| title_full |
Atypical/Nor98 scrapie infectivity in sheep peripheral tissues. |
| title_fullStr |
Atypical/Nor98 scrapie infectivity in sheep peripheral tissues. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Atypical/Nor98 scrapie infectivity in sheep peripheral tissues. |
| title_sort |
atypical/nor98 scrapie infectivity in sheep peripheral tissues. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2011 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/30d9590d064043eba600ccc38db17639 |
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