Influence of different envelope maskers on signal recognition and neuronal representation in the auditory system of a grasshopper.

<h4>Background</h4>Animals that communicate by sound face the problem that the signals arriving at the receiver often are degraded and masked by noise. Frequency filters in the receiver's auditory system may improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by excluding parts of the spectrum...

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Autores principales:	Daniela Neuhofer, Bernhard Ronacher
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/310bb6f93aff464fa94476466aeccea3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:310bb6f93aff464fa94476466aeccea32021-11-18T07:23:34ZInfluence of different envelope maskers on signal recognition and neuronal representation in the auditory system of a grasshopper.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0034384https://doaj.org/article/310bb6f93aff464fa94476466aeccea32012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22479619/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Animals that communicate by sound face the problem that the signals arriving at the receiver often are degraded and masked by noise. Frequency filters in the receiver's auditory system may improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by excluding parts of the spectrum which are not occupied by the species-specific signals. This solution, however, is hardly amenable to species that produce broad band signals or have ears with broad frequency tuning. In mammals auditory filters exist that work in the temporal domain of amplitude modulations (AM). Do insects also use this type of filtering?<h4>Principal findings</h4>Combining behavioural and neurophysiological experiments we investigated whether AM filters may improve the recognition of masked communication signals in grasshoppers. The AM pattern of the sound, its envelope, is crucial for signal recognition in these animals. We degraded the species-specific song by adding random fluctuations to its envelope. Six noise bands were used that differed in their overlap with the spectral content of the song envelope. If AM filters contribute to reduced masking, signal recognition should depend on the degree of overlap between the song envelope spectrum and the noise spectra. Contrary to this prediction, the resistance against signal degradation was the same for five of six masker bands. Most remarkably, the band with the strongest frequency overlap to the natural song envelope (0-100 Hz) impaired acceptance of degraded signals the least. To assess the noise filter capacities of single auditory neurons, the changes of spike trains as a function of the masking level were assessed. Increasing levels of signal degradation in different frequency bands led to similar changes in the spike trains in most neurones.<h4>Conclusions</h4>There is no indication that auditory neurones of grasshoppers are specialized to improve the SNR with respect to the pattern of amplitude modulations.Daniela NeuhoferBernhard RonacherPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 3, p e34384 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Daniela Neuhofer Bernhard Ronacher Influence of different envelope maskers on signal recognition and neuronal representation in the auditory system of a grasshopper.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Animals that communicate by sound face the problem that the signals arriving at the receiver often are degraded and masked by noise. Frequency filters in the receiver's auditory system may improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by excluding parts of the spectrum which are not occupied by the species-specific signals. This solution, however, is hardly amenable to species that produce broad band signals or have ears with broad frequency tuning. In mammals auditory filters exist that work in the temporal domain of amplitude modulations (AM). Do insects also use this type of filtering?<h4>Principal findings</h4>Combining behavioural and neurophysiological experiments we investigated whether AM filters may improve the recognition of masked communication signals in grasshoppers. The AM pattern of the sound, its envelope, is crucial for signal recognition in these animals. We degraded the species-specific song by adding random fluctuations to its envelope. Six noise bands were used that differed in their overlap with the spectral content of the song envelope. If AM filters contribute to reduced masking, signal recognition should depend on the degree of overlap between the song envelope spectrum and the noise spectra. Contrary to this prediction, the resistance against signal degradation was the same for five of six masker bands. Most remarkably, the band with the strongest frequency overlap to the natural song envelope (0-100 Hz) impaired acceptance of degraded signals the least. To assess the noise filter capacities of single auditory neurons, the changes of spike trains as a function of the masking level were assessed. Increasing levels of signal degradation in different frequency bands led to similar changes in the spike trains in most neurones.<h4>Conclusions</h4>There is no indication that auditory neurones of grasshoppers are specialized to improve the SNR with respect to the pattern of amplitude modulations.
format	article
author	Daniela Neuhofer Bernhard Ronacher
author_facet	Daniela Neuhofer Bernhard Ronacher
author_sort	Daniela Neuhofer
title	Influence of different envelope maskers on signal recognition and neuronal representation in the auditory system of a grasshopper.
title_short	Influence of different envelope maskers on signal recognition and neuronal representation in the auditory system of a grasshopper.
title_full	Influence of different envelope maskers on signal recognition and neuronal representation in the auditory system of a grasshopper.
title_fullStr	Influence of different envelope maskers on signal recognition and neuronal representation in the auditory system of a grasshopper.
title_full_unstemmed	Influence of different envelope maskers on signal recognition and neuronal representation in the auditory system of a grasshopper.
title_sort	influence of different envelope maskers on signal recognition and neuronal representation in the auditory system of a grasshopper.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/310bb6f93aff464fa94476466aeccea3
work_keys_str_mv	AT danielaneuhofer influenceofdifferentenvelopemaskersonsignalrecognitionandneuronalrepresentationintheauditorysystemofagrasshopper AT bernhardronacher influenceofdifferentenvelopemaskersonsignalrecognitionandneuronalrepresentationintheauditorysystemofagrasshopper
_version_	1718423526148407296

Influence of different envelope maskers on signal recognition and neuronal representation in the auditory system of a grasshopper.

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