Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method

Previously, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) cutaneous test with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be a simple in vivo method to measure T-cell functionality after natural infection and in vaccinated individuals. Methods: Twenty-five kidney-transplanted recipients were immuniz...

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Autores principales:	Yvelise Barrios, Aurelio Rodriguez, Andrés Franco, Cristina Alava-Cruz, Domingo Marrero-Miranda, Lourdes Perez-Tamajon, Victor Matheu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	delayed-type hypersensitivity DTH skin test SARS-CoV-2 vaccination kidney transplant Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/310fec780fff449fbf38a7469be33d71
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:310fec780fff449fbf38a7469be33d712021-11-25T19:11:15ZOptimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method10.3390/vaccines91113152076-393Xhttps://doaj.org/article/310fec780fff449fbf38a7469be33d712021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/11/1315https://doaj.org/toc/2076-393XPreviously, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) cutaneous test with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be a simple in vivo method to measure T-cell functionality after natural infection and in vaccinated individuals. Methods: Twenty-five kidney-transplanted recipients were immunized with two doses of the mRNA-based Pfizer–BioNTech COVID19 vaccine three weeks apart. Cell-immune response (CIR) was evaluated ten weeks later using an in vivo DTH skin test and in vitro with an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). Humoral Immune Response (HIR) was determined by the measurement of specific IgG anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2. Results: Ten weeks after the second dose of the vaccine, 23 out of 25 transplanted patients had a positive DTH skin test, while in vitro CIR was considered positive in 20 patients. Unspecific stimulation was positive in all 25 patients, showing no T-cell defect. Seven out of twenty-five patients had a negative specific anti-spike IgG. CIR was positive in all immune-competent control patients. Conclusions: DTH is a useful, simple, and cheaper tool that can be used to assess cellular immune response, with an excellent correlation with the in vitro CIR. CIR assessment after vaccination in these immunocompromised patients is an excellent complement to HIR-based methods. This skin test could be used if classical in vitro methods cannot be applied.Yvelise BarriosAurelio RodriguezAndrés FrancoCristina Alava-CruzDomingo Marrero-MirandaLourdes Perez-TamajonVictor MatheuMDPI AGarticledelayed-type hypersensitivityDTHskin testSARS-CoV-2vaccinationkidney transplantMedicineRENVaccines, Vol 9, Iss 1315, p 1315 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	delayed-type hypersensitivity DTH skin test SARS-CoV-2 vaccination kidney transplant Medicine R
spellingShingle	delayed-type hypersensitivity DTH skin test SARS-CoV-2 vaccination kidney transplant Medicine R Yvelise Barrios Aurelio Rodriguez Andrés Franco Cristina Alava-Cruz Domingo Marrero-Miranda Lourdes Perez-Tamajon Victor Matheu Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method
description	Previously, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) cutaneous test with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be a simple in vivo method to measure T-cell functionality after natural infection and in vaccinated individuals. Methods: Twenty-five kidney-transplanted recipients were immunized with two doses of the mRNA-based Pfizer–BioNTech COVID19 vaccine three weeks apart. Cell-immune response (CIR) was evaluated ten weeks later using an in vivo DTH skin test and in vitro with an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). Humoral Immune Response (HIR) was determined by the measurement of specific IgG anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2. Results: Ten weeks after the second dose of the vaccine, 23 out of 25 transplanted patients had a positive DTH skin test, while in vitro CIR was considered positive in 20 patients. Unspecific stimulation was positive in all 25 patients, showing no T-cell defect. Seven out of twenty-five patients had a negative specific anti-spike IgG. CIR was positive in all immune-competent control patients. Conclusions: DTH is a useful, simple, and cheaper tool that can be used to assess cellular immune response, with an excellent correlation with the in vitro CIR. CIR assessment after vaccination in these immunocompromised patients is an excellent complement to HIR-based methods. This skin test could be used if classical in vitro methods cannot be applied.
format	article
author	Yvelise Barrios Aurelio Rodriguez Andrés Franco Cristina Alava-Cruz Domingo Marrero-Miranda Lourdes Perez-Tamajon Victor Matheu
author_facet	Yvelise Barrios Aurelio Rodriguez Andrés Franco Cristina Alava-Cruz Domingo Marrero-Miranda Lourdes Perez-Tamajon Victor Matheu
author_sort	Yvelise Barrios
title	Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method
title_short	Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method
title_full	Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method
title_fullStr	Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method
title_full_unstemmed	Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method
title_sort	optimizing a protocol to assess immune responses after sars-cov-2 vaccination in kidney-transplanted patients: in vivo dth cutaneous test as the initial screening method
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/310fec780fff449fbf38a7469be33d71
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Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method

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