Pathogen performance testing of a natural swimming pool using a cocktail of microbiological surrogates and QMRA-derived management goals

In recent decades, natural swimming pools (NSPs) have gained popularity in Europe, especially in Germany and Austria. NSPs differ from swimming pools in that they utilize biological treatment processes based on wetland processes with no disinfection residual. However, data are missing on the specifi...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	David C. Shoults, Qiaozhi Li, Susan Petterson, Sydney P. Rudko, Lena Dlusskaya, Mats Leifels, Candis Scott, Cyndi Schlosser, Nicholas J. Ashbolt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	biological treatment natural swimming pool norovirus qmra recreational water Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/311e8419f18044c884d9cb5f40c413f7
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:311e8419f18044c884d9cb5f40c413f7
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:311e8419f18044c884d9cb5f40c413f72021-11-06T06:28:28ZPathogen performance testing of a natural swimming pool using a cocktail of microbiological surrogates and QMRA-derived management goals1477-89201996-782910.2166/wh.2021.015https://doaj.org/article/311e8419f18044c884d9cb5f40c413f72021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttp://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/19/4/629https://doaj.org/toc/1477-8920https://doaj.org/toc/1996-7829In recent decades, natural swimming pools (NSPs) have gained popularity in Europe, especially in Germany and Austria. NSPs differ from swimming pools in that they utilize biological treatment processes based on wetland processes with no disinfection residual. However, data are missing on the specific log-reduction performance of NSPs to address enteric virus, bacteria, and parasitic protozoa removal considered necessary to meet the North American risk-based benchmark (<35 illnesses per 1,000 swimming events) set by the USEPA for voluntary swimming. In this study, we examined Canada's first NSP at Borden Park, Edmonton, Canada, to address the following three questions: (1) Given normal faecal shedding rates by bathers, what is the total log reduction (TLR) theoretically needed to meet the EPA benchmark? (2) what is the in-situ performance of the NSP based on spiking suitable microbial surrogates (MS2 coliphage, Enterococcus faecalis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Baker's yeast])? and (3) how much time is required to reach acceptable bather risk levels under different representative volume-turnover rates? A reverse-quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) revealed that of the four reference pathogens selected (Norovirus, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia), only Norovirus was estimated to exceed the risk benchmark at the 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles, while Campylobacter was the only other reference pathogen to exceed at the 95th percentile. Log-reduction values (LRVs) were similar to previous reports for bacterial indicators, and novel LRVs were estimated for the other two surrogates. A key finding was that more than 24 h treatment time would be necessary to provide acceptable bather protection following heavy bather use (378 bathers/day for main pool and 26 bathers/day for children's pool), due to the mixing dynamics of the treated water diluting out possible residual pool faecal contamination. The theoretical maximum number of people in the pool per day to be below USEPA's 35 gastro cases in 1,000 swimming events was 113, 47, and 8, at the 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles. Further, the use of ultra-violet disinfection to the pool return flow had little effect on reducing the treatment time required. HIGHLIGHTS QMRA of the first natural swimming pool in Canada.; Performance testing of the external biological treatment barriers and UV system at the natural pool using spiked surrogates for enteric pathogens (Norovirus, Cryptosporidium, and Campylobacter).; Strategies for reducing enteric pathogen risks, which is driven by the number of infected swimmers, under EPA guidelines’ threshold level for recreational water use.;David C. ShoultsQiaozhi LiSusan PettersonSydney P. RudkoLena DlusskayaMats LeifelsCandis ScottCyndi SchlosserNicholas J. AshboltIWA Publishingarticlebiological treatmentnatural swimming poolnorovirusqmrarecreational waterPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENJournal of Water and Health, Vol 19, Iss 4, Pp 629-641 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biological treatment natural swimming pool norovirus qmra recreational water Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	biological treatment natural swimming pool norovirus qmra recreational water Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 David C. Shoults Qiaozhi Li Susan Petterson Sydney P. Rudko Lena Dlusskaya Mats Leifels Candis Scott Cyndi Schlosser Nicholas J. Ashbolt Pathogen performance testing of a natural swimming pool using a cocktail of microbiological surrogates and QMRA-derived management goals
description	In recent decades, natural swimming pools (NSPs) have gained popularity in Europe, especially in Germany and Austria. NSPs differ from swimming pools in that they utilize biological treatment processes based on wetland processes with no disinfection residual. However, data are missing on the specific log-reduction performance of NSPs to address enteric virus, bacteria, and parasitic protozoa removal considered necessary to meet the North American risk-based benchmark (<35 illnesses per 1,000 swimming events) set by the USEPA for voluntary swimming. In this study, we examined Canada's first NSP at Borden Park, Edmonton, Canada, to address the following three questions: (1) Given normal faecal shedding rates by bathers, what is the total log reduction (TLR) theoretically needed to meet the EPA benchmark? (2) what is the in-situ performance of the NSP based on spiking suitable microbial surrogates (MS2 coliphage, Enterococcus faecalis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Baker's yeast])? and (3) how much time is required to reach acceptable bather risk levels under different representative volume-turnover rates? A reverse-quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) revealed that of the four reference pathogens selected (Norovirus, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia), only Norovirus was estimated to exceed the risk benchmark at the 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles, while Campylobacter was the only other reference pathogen to exceed at the 95th percentile. Log-reduction values (LRVs) were similar to previous reports for bacterial indicators, and novel LRVs were estimated for the other two surrogates. A key finding was that more than 24 h treatment time would be necessary to provide acceptable bather protection following heavy bather use (378 bathers/day for main pool and 26 bathers/day for children's pool), due to the mixing dynamics of the treated water diluting out possible residual pool faecal contamination. The theoretical maximum number of people in the pool per day to be below USEPA's 35 gastro cases in 1,000 swimming events was 113, 47, and 8, at the 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles. Further, the use of ultra-violet disinfection to the pool return flow had little effect on reducing the treatment time required. HIGHLIGHTS QMRA of the first natural swimming pool in Canada.; Performance testing of the external biological treatment barriers and UV system at the natural pool using spiked surrogates for enteric pathogens (Norovirus, Cryptosporidium, and Campylobacter).; Strategies for reducing enteric pathogen risks, which is driven by the number of infected swimmers, under EPA guidelines’ threshold level for recreational water use.;
format	article
author	David C. Shoults Qiaozhi Li Susan Petterson Sydney P. Rudko Lena Dlusskaya Mats Leifels Candis Scott Cyndi Schlosser Nicholas J. Ashbolt
author_facet	David C. Shoults Qiaozhi Li Susan Petterson Sydney P. Rudko Lena Dlusskaya Mats Leifels Candis Scott Cyndi Schlosser Nicholas J. Ashbolt
author_sort	David C. Shoults
title	Pathogen performance testing of a natural swimming pool using a cocktail of microbiological surrogates and QMRA-derived management goals
title_short	Pathogen performance testing of a natural swimming pool using a cocktail of microbiological surrogates and QMRA-derived management goals
title_full	Pathogen performance testing of a natural swimming pool using a cocktail of microbiological surrogates and QMRA-derived management goals
title_fullStr	Pathogen performance testing of a natural swimming pool using a cocktail of microbiological surrogates and QMRA-derived management goals
title_full_unstemmed	Pathogen performance testing of a natural swimming pool using a cocktail of microbiological surrogates and QMRA-derived management goals
title_sort	pathogen performance testing of a natural swimming pool using a cocktail of microbiological surrogates and qmra-derived management goals
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/311e8419f18044c884d9cb5f40c413f7
work_keys_str_mv	AT davidcshoults pathogenperformancetestingofanaturalswimmingpoolusingacocktailofmicrobiologicalsurrogatesandqmraderivedmanagementgoals AT qiaozhili pathogenperformancetestingofanaturalswimmingpoolusingacocktailofmicrobiologicalsurrogatesandqmraderivedmanagementgoals AT susanpetterson pathogenperformancetestingofanaturalswimmingpoolusingacocktailofmicrobiologicalsurrogatesandqmraderivedmanagementgoals AT sydneyprudko pathogenperformancetestingofanaturalswimmingpoolusingacocktailofmicrobiologicalsurrogatesandqmraderivedmanagementgoals AT lenadlusskaya pathogenperformancetestingofanaturalswimmingpoolusingacocktailofmicrobiologicalsurrogatesandqmraderivedmanagementgoals AT matsleifels pathogenperformancetestingofanaturalswimmingpoolusingacocktailofmicrobiologicalsurrogatesandqmraderivedmanagementgoals AT candisscott pathogenperformancetestingofanaturalswimmingpoolusingacocktailofmicrobiologicalsurrogatesandqmraderivedmanagementgoals AT cyndischlosser pathogenperformancetestingofanaturalswimmingpoolusingacocktailofmicrobiologicalsurrogatesandqmraderivedmanagementgoals AT nicholasjashbolt pathogenperformancetestingofanaturalswimmingpoolusingacocktailofmicrobiologicalsurrogatesandqmraderivedmanagementgoals
_version_	1718443843973545984

Pathogen performance testing of a natural swimming pool using a cocktail of microbiological surrogates and QMRA-derived management goals

Ejemplares similares