Data-Enriched Edible Pharmaceuticals (DEEP) with Bespoke Design, Dose and Drug Release

Data-enriched edible pharmaceuticals (DEEP) is an approach to obtain personalized medicine, in terms of flexible and precise drug doses, while at the same time containing data, embedded in quick response (QR) codes at a single dosage unit level. The aim of this study was to fabricate DEEP with a pat...

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Autores principales:	Meie Chao, Heidi Öblom, Claus Cornett, Johan Bøtker, Jukka Rantanen, Sofia Kälvemark Sporrong, Natalja Genina
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	patient-centered pharmaceutical design additive manufacturing inkjet printing cannabinoids polymer coating QR code Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/312e1c6dd16e4fa0aacdd98d71591d94
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:312e1c6dd16e4fa0aacdd98d71591d942021-11-25T18:41:17ZData-Enriched Edible Pharmaceuticals (DEEP) with Bespoke Design, Dose and Drug Release10.3390/pharmaceutics131118661999-4923https://doaj.org/article/312e1c6dd16e4fa0aacdd98d71591d942021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1866https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4923Data-enriched edible pharmaceuticals (DEEP) is an approach to obtain personalized medicine, in terms of flexible and precise drug doses, while at the same time containing data, embedded in quick response (QR) codes at a single dosage unit level. The aim of this study was to fabricate DEEP with a patient-tailored dose, modify drug release and design to meet patients’ preferences. It also aimed to investigate physical stability in terms of the readability of QR code patterns of DEEP during storage. Cannabinoids, namely, cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), were used as the model active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Three different substrates and two colorants for the ink were tested for their suitability to fabricate DEEP by desktop inkjet printing. Flexible doses and customizable designs of DEEP were obtained by manipulating the digital design of the QR code, particularly, by exploring different pattern types, embedded images and the physical size of the QR code pattern. Modification of the release of both APIs from DEEP was achieved by applying a hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) polymer coating. The appearance and readability of uncoated and polymer-coated DEEP did not change on storage in cold and dry conditions; however, the HPC polymer layer was insufficient in preserving the readability of the QR code pattern in the extreme storage condition (40 °C and 75% relative humidity). To sum up, the DEEP concept provides opportunities for the personalization of medicines, considering also patients’ preferences.Meie ChaoHeidi ÖblomClaus CornettJohan BøtkerJukka RantanenSofia Kälvemark SporrongNatalja GeninaMDPI AGarticlepatient-centered pharmaceutical designadditive manufacturinginkjet printingcannabinoidspolymer coatingQR codePharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441ENPharmaceutics, Vol 13, Iss 1866, p 1866 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	patient-centered pharmaceutical design additive manufacturing inkjet printing cannabinoids polymer coating QR code Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
spellingShingle	patient-centered pharmaceutical design additive manufacturing inkjet printing cannabinoids polymer coating QR code Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Meie Chao Heidi Öblom Claus Cornett Johan Bøtker Jukka Rantanen Sofia Kälvemark Sporrong Natalja Genina Data-Enriched Edible Pharmaceuticals (DEEP) with Bespoke Design, Dose and Drug Release
description	Data-enriched edible pharmaceuticals (DEEP) is an approach to obtain personalized medicine, in terms of flexible and precise drug doses, while at the same time containing data, embedded in quick response (QR) codes at a single dosage unit level. The aim of this study was to fabricate DEEP with a patient-tailored dose, modify drug release and design to meet patients’ preferences. It also aimed to investigate physical stability in terms of the readability of QR code patterns of DEEP during storage. Cannabinoids, namely, cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), were used as the model active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Three different substrates and two colorants for the ink were tested for their suitability to fabricate DEEP by desktop inkjet printing. Flexible doses and customizable designs of DEEP were obtained by manipulating the digital design of the QR code, particularly, by exploring different pattern types, embedded images and the physical size of the QR code pattern. Modification of the release of both APIs from DEEP was achieved by applying a hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) polymer coating. The appearance and readability of uncoated and polymer-coated DEEP did not change on storage in cold and dry conditions; however, the HPC polymer layer was insufficient in preserving the readability of the QR code pattern in the extreme storage condition (40 °C and 75% relative humidity). To sum up, the DEEP concept provides opportunities for the personalization of medicines, considering also patients’ preferences.
format	article
author	Meie Chao Heidi Öblom Claus Cornett Johan Bøtker Jukka Rantanen Sofia Kälvemark Sporrong Natalja Genina
author_facet	Meie Chao Heidi Öblom Claus Cornett Johan Bøtker Jukka Rantanen Sofia Kälvemark Sporrong Natalja Genina
author_sort	Meie Chao
title	Data-Enriched Edible Pharmaceuticals (DEEP) with Bespoke Design, Dose and Drug Release
title_short	Data-Enriched Edible Pharmaceuticals (DEEP) with Bespoke Design, Dose and Drug Release
title_full	Data-Enriched Edible Pharmaceuticals (DEEP) with Bespoke Design, Dose and Drug Release
title_fullStr	Data-Enriched Edible Pharmaceuticals (DEEP) with Bespoke Design, Dose and Drug Release
title_full_unstemmed	Data-Enriched Edible Pharmaceuticals (DEEP) with Bespoke Design, Dose and Drug Release
title_sort	data-enriched edible pharmaceuticals (deep) with bespoke design, dose and drug release
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/312e1c6dd16e4fa0aacdd98d71591d94
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Data-Enriched Edible Pharmaceuticals (DEEP) with Bespoke Design, Dose and Drug Release

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