Sex differences in the course of schizophrenia across diverse regions of the world

Diego Novick,1 William Montgomery,2 Tamas Treuer,3 Maria Victoria Moneta,4 Josep Maria Haro4 1Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, UK; 2Eli Lilly Australia Pty Ltd, West Ryde, NSW, Australia; 3Eli Lilly and Company, Neuroscience Research, Budapest, Hungary; 4Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D&e...

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Autores principales:	Novick D, Montgomery W, Treuer T, Moneta MV, Haro JM
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2016
Materias:	Gender Remission Recovery Region Schizophrenia World Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/31853c122c8e4fdf878927e63784e87a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:31853c122c8e4fdf878927e63784e87a2021-12-02T07:09:39ZSex differences in the course of schizophrenia across diverse regions of the world1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/31853c122c8e4fdf878927e63784e87a2016-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/sex-differences-in-the-course-of-schizophrenia-across-diverse-regions--peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Diego Novick,1 William Montgomery,2 Tamas Treuer,3 Maria Victoria Moneta,4 Josep Maria Haro4 1Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, UK; 2Eli Lilly Australia Pty Ltd, West Ryde, NSW, Australia; 3Eli Lilly and Company, Neuroscience Research, Budapest, Hungary; 4Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Abstract: This study explores sex differences in the outcomes of patients with schizophrenia (clinical/functional remission and recovery) across diverse regions of the world (Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, East Asia, and North Africa and the Middle East). Data (n=16,380 for this post hoc analysis) were taken from the World-Schizophrenia Health Outcomes Study. In most regions, females had a later age at first service contact for schizophrenia, a lower level of overall/negative symptom severity, lower rates of alcohol/substance abuse and paid employment, and higher percentages of having a spouse/partner and independent living. Overall, females had slightly higher rates of clinical remission (58.0% vs 51.8%), functional remission (22.8% vs 16.0%), and recovery (16.5% vs 16.0%) at 36 months (P<0.001 for all). This pattern was consistently observed in Southern Europe and Northern Europe even after controlling for baseline sex differences, but not in other regions. In Central and Eastern Europe, rates of clinical remission were higher in females at 36 months, but those of functional remission and recovery were similar between males and females. The opposite was observed for Latin America. In East Asia, sex differences were rarely observed for these outcomes. Finally, in North Africa and the Middle East, sex differences in these outcomes were pronounced only in regression analyses. These regional variations shed light on the importance of psychosocial and cultural factors and their effects on sex in the prognosis of schizophrenia. Keywords: sex, remission, recovery, region, schizophrenia, world Novick DMontgomery WTreuer TMoneta MVHaro JMDove Medical PressarticleGenderRemissionRecoveryRegionSchizophreniaWorldNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 12, Pp 2927-2939 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Gender Remission Recovery Region Schizophrenia World Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Gender Remission Recovery Region Schizophrenia World Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Novick D Montgomery W Treuer T Moneta MV Haro JM Sex differences in the course of schizophrenia across diverse regions of the world
description	Diego Novick,1 William Montgomery,2 Tamas Treuer,3 Maria Victoria Moneta,4 Josep Maria Haro4 1Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, UK; 2Eli Lilly Australia Pty Ltd, West Ryde, NSW, Australia; 3Eli Lilly and Company, Neuroscience Research, Budapest, Hungary; 4Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Abstract: This study explores sex differences in the outcomes of patients with schizophrenia (clinical/functional remission and recovery) across diverse regions of the world (Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, East Asia, and North Africa and the Middle East). Data (n=16,380 for this post hoc analysis) were taken from the World-Schizophrenia Health Outcomes Study. In most regions, females had a later age at first service contact for schizophrenia, a lower level of overall/negative symptom severity, lower rates of alcohol/substance abuse and paid employment, and higher percentages of having a spouse/partner and independent living. Overall, females had slightly higher rates of clinical remission (58.0% vs 51.8%), functional remission (22.8% vs 16.0%), and recovery (16.5% vs 16.0%) at 36 months (P<0.001 for all). This pattern was consistently observed in Southern Europe and Northern Europe even after controlling for baseline sex differences, but not in other regions. In Central and Eastern Europe, rates of clinical remission were higher in females at 36 months, but those of functional remission and recovery were similar between males and females. The opposite was observed for Latin America. In East Asia, sex differences were rarely observed for these outcomes. Finally, in North Africa and the Middle East, sex differences in these outcomes were pronounced only in regression analyses. These regional variations shed light on the importance of psychosocial and cultural factors and their effects on sex in the prognosis of schizophrenia. Keywords: sex, remission, recovery, region, schizophrenia, world
format	article
author	Novick D Montgomery W Treuer T Moneta MV Haro JM
author_facet	Novick D Montgomery W Treuer T Moneta MV Haro JM
author_sort	Novick D
title	Sex differences in the course of schizophrenia across diverse regions of the world
title_short	Sex differences in the course of schizophrenia across diverse regions of the world
title_full	Sex differences in the course of schizophrenia across diverse regions of the world
title_fullStr	Sex differences in the course of schizophrenia across diverse regions of the world
title_full_unstemmed	Sex differences in the course of schizophrenia across diverse regions of the world
title_sort	sex differences in the course of schizophrenia across diverse regions of the world
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/31853c122c8e4fdf878927e63784e87a
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Sex differences in the course of schizophrenia across diverse regions of the world

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