Scratching the Surface: Bacterial Cell Envelopes at the Nanoscale

ABSTRACT The bacterial cell envelope is essential for viability, the environmental gatekeeper and first line of defense against external stresses. For most bacteria, the envelope biosynthesis is also the site of action of some of the most important groups of antibiotics. It is a complex, often multi...

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Autores principales:	Albertus Viljoen, Simon J. Foster, Georg E. Fantner, Jamie K. Hobbs, Yves F. Dufrêne
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	bacterial envelopes ultrastructure drugs imaging atomic force microscopy assembly Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/31a3d179ed814a4cbac5e124eef6af12
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:31a3d179ed814a4cbac5e124eef6af122021-11-15T15:56:58ZScratching the Surface: Bacterial Cell Envelopes at the Nanoscale10.1128/mBio.03020-192150-7511https://doaj.org/article/31a3d179ed814a4cbac5e124eef6af122020-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.03020-19https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The bacterial cell envelope is essential for viability, the environmental gatekeeper and first line of defense against external stresses. For most bacteria, the envelope biosynthesis is also the site of action of some of the most important groups of antibiotics. It is a complex, often multicomponent structure, able to withstand the internally generated turgor pressure. Thus, elucidating the architecture and dynamics of the cell envelope is important, to unravel not only the complexities of cell morphology and maintenance of integrity but also how interventions such as antibiotics lead to death. To address these questions requires the capacity to visualize the cell envelope in situ via high-spatial resolution approaches. In recent years, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has brought novel molecular insights into the assembly, dynamics, and functions of bacterial cell envelopes. The ultrafine resolution and physical sensitivity of the technique have revealed a wealth of ultrastructural features that are invisible to traditional optical microscopy techniques or imperceptible in their true physiological state by electron microscopy. Here, we discuss recent progress in our use of AFM imaging for understanding the architecture and dynamics of the bacterial envelope. We survey recent studies that demonstrate the power of the technique to observe isolated membranes and live cells at (sub)nanometer resolution and under physiological conditions and to track in vitro structural dynamics in response to growth or to drugs.Albertus ViljoenSimon J. FosterGeorg E. FantnerJamie K. HobbsYves F. DufrêneAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlebacterial envelopesultrastructuredrugsimagingatomic force microscopyassemblyMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 1 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bacterial envelopes ultrastructure drugs imaging atomic force microscopy assembly Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	bacterial envelopes ultrastructure drugs imaging atomic force microscopy assembly Microbiology QR1-502 Albertus Viljoen Simon J. Foster Georg E. Fantner Jamie K. Hobbs Yves F. Dufrêne Scratching the Surface: Bacterial Cell Envelopes at the Nanoscale
description	ABSTRACT The bacterial cell envelope is essential for viability, the environmental gatekeeper and first line of defense against external stresses. For most bacteria, the envelope biosynthesis is also the site of action of some of the most important groups of antibiotics. It is a complex, often multicomponent structure, able to withstand the internally generated turgor pressure. Thus, elucidating the architecture and dynamics of the cell envelope is important, to unravel not only the complexities of cell morphology and maintenance of integrity but also how interventions such as antibiotics lead to death. To address these questions requires the capacity to visualize the cell envelope in situ via high-spatial resolution approaches. In recent years, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has brought novel molecular insights into the assembly, dynamics, and functions of bacterial cell envelopes. The ultrafine resolution and physical sensitivity of the technique have revealed a wealth of ultrastructural features that are invisible to traditional optical microscopy techniques or imperceptible in their true physiological state by electron microscopy. Here, we discuss recent progress in our use of AFM imaging for understanding the architecture and dynamics of the bacterial envelope. We survey recent studies that demonstrate the power of the technique to observe isolated membranes and live cells at (sub)nanometer resolution and under physiological conditions and to track in vitro structural dynamics in response to growth or to drugs.
format	article
author	Albertus Viljoen Simon J. Foster Georg E. Fantner Jamie K. Hobbs Yves F. Dufrêne
author_facet	Albertus Viljoen Simon J. Foster Georg E. Fantner Jamie K. Hobbs Yves F. Dufrêne
author_sort	Albertus Viljoen
title	Scratching the Surface: Bacterial Cell Envelopes at the Nanoscale
title_short	Scratching the Surface: Bacterial Cell Envelopes at the Nanoscale
title_full	Scratching the Surface: Bacterial Cell Envelopes at the Nanoscale
title_fullStr	Scratching the Surface: Bacterial Cell Envelopes at the Nanoscale
title_full_unstemmed	Scratching the Surface: Bacterial Cell Envelopes at the Nanoscale
title_sort	scratching the surface: bacterial cell envelopes at the nanoscale
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/31a3d179ed814a4cbac5e124eef6af12
work_keys_str_mv	AT albertusviljoen scratchingthesurfacebacterialcellenvelopesatthenanoscale AT simonjfoster scratchingthesurfacebacterialcellenvelopesatthenanoscale AT georgefantner scratchingthesurfacebacterialcellenvelopesatthenanoscale AT jamiekhobbs scratchingthesurfacebacterialcellenvelopesatthenanoscale AT yvesfdufrene scratchingthesurfacebacterialcellenvelopesatthenanoscale
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Scratching the Surface: Bacterial Cell Envelopes at the Nanoscale

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