Working memory load reduces corticospinal suppression to former go and trained no-go cues

Abstract Environmental cues associated with an action can prime the motor system, decreasing response times and activating motor regions of the brain. However, when task goals change, the same responses to former go-associated cues are no longer required and motor priming needs to be inhibited to av...

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Autores principales:	Dominic M. D. Tran, William G. Nicholson, Justin A. Harris, Irina M. Harris, Evan J. Livesey
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/31a97b613a674fb29a7cbfb28daf6ba5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:31a97b613a674fb29a7cbfb28daf6ba52021-12-02T15:57:03ZWorking memory load reduces corticospinal suppression to former go and trained no-go cues10.1038/s41598-021-91040-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/31a97b613a674fb29a7cbfb28daf6ba52021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91040-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Environmental cues associated with an action can prime the motor system, decreasing response times and activating motor regions of the brain. However, when task goals change, the same responses to former go-associated cues are no longer required and motor priming needs to be inhibited to avoid unwanted behavioural errors. The present study tested whether the inhibition of motor system activity to presentations of former go cues is reliant on top-down, goal-directed cognitive control processes using a working memory (WM) load manipulation. Applying transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex to measure motor system activity during a Go/No-go task, we found that under low WM, corticospinal excitability was suppressed to former go and trained no-go cues relative to control cues. Under high WM, the cortical suppression to former go cues was reduced, suggesting that the underlying mechanism required executive control. Unexpectedly, we found a similar result for trained no-go cues and showed in a second experiment that the corticospinal suppression and WM effects were unrelated to local inhibitory function as indexed by short-interval intracortical inhibition. Our findings reveal that the interaction between former response cues and WM is complex and we discuss possible explanations of our findings in relation to models of response inhibition.Dominic M. D. TranWilliam G. NicholsonJustin A. HarrisIrina M. HarrisEvan J. LiveseyNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Dominic M. D. Tran William G. Nicholson Justin A. Harris Irina M. Harris Evan J. Livesey Working memory load reduces corticospinal suppression to former go and trained no-go cues
description	Abstract Environmental cues associated with an action can prime the motor system, decreasing response times and activating motor regions of the brain. However, when task goals change, the same responses to former go-associated cues are no longer required and motor priming needs to be inhibited to avoid unwanted behavioural errors. The present study tested whether the inhibition of motor system activity to presentations of former go cues is reliant on top-down, goal-directed cognitive control processes using a working memory (WM) load manipulation. Applying transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex to measure motor system activity during a Go/No-go task, we found that under low WM, corticospinal excitability was suppressed to former go and trained no-go cues relative to control cues. Under high WM, the cortical suppression to former go cues was reduced, suggesting that the underlying mechanism required executive control. Unexpectedly, we found a similar result for trained no-go cues and showed in a second experiment that the corticospinal suppression and WM effects were unrelated to local inhibitory function as indexed by short-interval intracortical inhibition. Our findings reveal that the interaction between former response cues and WM is complex and we discuss possible explanations of our findings in relation to models of response inhibition.
format	article
author	Dominic M. D. Tran William G. Nicholson Justin A. Harris Irina M. Harris Evan J. Livesey
author_facet	Dominic M. D. Tran William G. Nicholson Justin A. Harris Irina M. Harris Evan J. Livesey
author_sort	Dominic M. D. Tran
title	Working memory load reduces corticospinal suppression to former go and trained no-go cues
title_short	Working memory load reduces corticospinal suppression to former go and trained no-go cues
title_full	Working memory load reduces corticospinal suppression to former go and trained no-go cues
title_fullStr	Working memory load reduces corticospinal suppression to former go and trained no-go cues
title_full_unstemmed	Working memory load reduces corticospinal suppression to former go and trained no-go cues
title_sort	working memory load reduces corticospinal suppression to former go and trained no-go cues
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/31a97b613a674fb29a7cbfb28daf6ba5
work_keys_str_mv	AT dominicmdtran workingmemoryloadreducescorticospinalsuppressiontoformergoandtrainednogocues AT williamgnicholson workingmemoryloadreducescorticospinalsuppressiontoformergoandtrainednogocues AT justinaharris workingmemoryloadreducescorticospinalsuppressiontoformergoandtrainednogocues AT irinamharris workingmemoryloadreducescorticospinalsuppressiontoformergoandtrainednogocues AT evanjlivesey workingmemoryloadreducescorticospinalsuppressiontoformergoandtrainednogocues
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Working memory load reduces corticospinal suppression to former go and trained no-go cues

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