Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease and the Related Mechanisms: A Mini-Review

After long-term use of levodopa, Parkinson's patients almost inevitably develop dyskinesia, a kind of drug side effect manifesting as uncontrollable choreic movements and dystonia, which could be crippling yet have limited therapeutic options. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is the most widel...

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Autores principales:	Yi Wu, Xue-bing Cao, Wei-qi Zeng, Heng Zhai, Xiao-qian Zhang, Xiao-man Yang, Chi Cheng, Jia-ling Wang, Xiao-mei Yang, Yan Xu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	transcranial magnetic stimulation Parkinson's disease dyskinesia mechanism treatment Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/31ad40fc43e04ca0be8c31318480693e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:31ad40fc43e04ca0be8c31318480693e2021-11-10T14:30:30ZTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease and the Related Mechanisms: A Mini-Review1664-229510.3389/fneur.2021.758345https://doaj.org/article/31ad40fc43e04ca0be8c31318480693e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2021.758345/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-2295After long-term use of levodopa, Parkinson's patients almost inevitably develop dyskinesia, a kind of drug side effect manifesting as uncontrollable choreic movements and dystonia, which could be crippling yet have limited therapeutic options. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is the most widely studied non-invasive neuromodulation technology to treat levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Many studies have shown that transcranial magnetic stimulation has beneficial effects on levodopa-induced dyskinesia and is patient-tolerable, barely with reported adverse effects. Changes in brain connectivity, neuroplasticity, neurotransmitter, neurorestoration, and blood flow modulation could play crucial roles in the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation for levodopa-induced dyskinesia. The appearance of new modes and application for emerging targets are possible solutions for transcranial magnetic stimulation to achieve sustained efficacy. Since the sample size in all available studies is small, more randomized double-blind controlled studies are needed to elucidate the specific treatment mechanisms and optimize treatment parameters.Yi WuXue-bing CaoWei-qi ZengHeng ZhaiXiao-qian ZhangXiao-man YangChi ChengJia-ling WangXiao-mei YangYan XuFrontiers Media S.A.articletranscranial magnetic stimulationParkinson's diseasedyskinesiamechanismtreatmentNeurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENFrontiers in Neurology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	transcranial magnetic stimulation Parkinson's disease dyskinesia mechanism treatment Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	transcranial magnetic stimulation Parkinson's disease dyskinesia mechanism treatment Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Yi Wu Xue-bing Cao Wei-qi Zeng Heng Zhai Xiao-qian Zhang Xiao-man Yang Chi Cheng Jia-ling Wang Xiao-mei Yang Yan Xu Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease and the Related Mechanisms: A Mini-Review
description	After long-term use of levodopa, Parkinson's patients almost inevitably develop dyskinesia, a kind of drug side effect manifesting as uncontrollable choreic movements and dystonia, which could be crippling yet have limited therapeutic options. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is the most widely studied non-invasive neuromodulation technology to treat levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Many studies have shown that transcranial magnetic stimulation has beneficial effects on levodopa-induced dyskinesia and is patient-tolerable, barely with reported adverse effects. Changes in brain connectivity, neuroplasticity, neurotransmitter, neurorestoration, and blood flow modulation could play crucial roles in the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation for levodopa-induced dyskinesia. The appearance of new modes and application for emerging targets are possible solutions for transcranial magnetic stimulation to achieve sustained efficacy. Since the sample size in all available studies is small, more randomized double-blind controlled studies are needed to elucidate the specific treatment mechanisms and optimize treatment parameters.
format	article
author	Yi Wu Xue-bing Cao Wei-qi Zeng Heng Zhai Xiao-qian Zhang Xiao-man Yang Chi Cheng Jia-ling Wang Xiao-mei Yang Yan Xu
author_facet	Yi Wu Xue-bing Cao Wei-qi Zeng Heng Zhai Xiao-qian Zhang Xiao-man Yang Chi Cheng Jia-ling Wang Xiao-mei Yang Yan Xu
author_sort	Yi Wu
title	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease and the Related Mechanisms: A Mini-Review
title_short	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease and the Related Mechanisms: A Mini-Review
title_full	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease and the Related Mechanisms: A Mini-Review
title_fullStr	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease and the Related Mechanisms: A Mini-Review
title_full_unstemmed	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease and the Related Mechanisms: A Mini-Review
title_sort	transcranial magnetic stimulation alleviates levodopa-induced dyskinesia in parkinson's disease and the related mechanisms: a mini-review
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/31ad40fc43e04ca0be8c31318480693e
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease and the Related Mechanisms: A Mini-Review

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