Crude Glycerol as a Potential Feedstock for Future Energy via Thermochemical Conversion Processes: A Review

Biodiesel is an emerging substitute for petroleum-based products. It is considered an ecologically safe and sustainable fuel. The high cost of biodiesel production is linearly related to its feedstock. Crude glycerol, which is a by-product of the biodiesel industry, is also a major challenge that mu...

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Autores principales:	Mohsin Raza, Abrar Inayat, Basim Abu-Jdayil
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	crude glycerol biodiesel gasification pyrolysis liquefaction steam reforming Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/31b6fc5dfac148e79c15162177e1d4df
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:31b6fc5dfac148e79c15162177e1d4df2021-11-25T19:04:34ZCrude Glycerol as a Potential Feedstock for Future Energy via Thermochemical Conversion Processes: A Review10.3390/su1322128132071-1050https://doaj.org/article/31b6fc5dfac148e79c15162177e1d4df2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12813https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Biodiesel is an emerging substitute for petroleum-based products. It is considered an ecologically safe and sustainable fuel. The high cost of biodiesel production is linearly related to its feedstock. Crude glycerol, which is a by-product of the biodiesel industry, is also a major challenge that must be addressed. A large volume of crude glycerol needs to be disposed of, and this involves processing, dumping, and land requirements. This increases the cost of biodiesel production. One way to decrease the cost of biodiesel production is to utilize its by-product to make valuable products. Crude glycerol can be processed to produce a variety of chemicals and products. The present utilization of crude glycerol is not enough to bring down its surplus availability. Thermochemical conversion processes can utilize crude glycerol as a starting feedstock and convert it into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. The utilization of crude glycerol through integrated thermochemical conversion processes could lead to an integrated biorefinery. This review paper highlights the research scope for areas where crude glycerol could be utilized as a feedstock or co-feedstock in thermochemical conversion technology. Various thermochemical conversion processes, namely, gasification, pyrolysis, combustion, catalytic steam reforming, liquefaction, and supercritical water reforming, are discussed and shown to be highly suitable for the use of crude glycerol as an economical feedstock. It is found that the integration of crude glycerol with other thermochemical conversion processes for energy production is a promising option to overcome the challenges related to biodiesel production costs. Hence, this paper provides all the necessary information on the present utilization status of crude glycerol in thermochemical conversion processes, as well as identifying possible research gaps that could be filled by future research studies.Mohsin RazaAbrar InayatBasim Abu-JdayilMDPI AGarticlecrude glycerolbiodieselgasificationpyrolysisliquefactionsteam reformingEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12813, p 12813 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	crude glycerol biodiesel gasification pyrolysis liquefaction steam reforming Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	crude glycerol biodiesel gasification pyrolysis liquefaction steam reforming Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Mohsin Raza Abrar Inayat Basim Abu-Jdayil Crude Glycerol as a Potential Feedstock for Future Energy via Thermochemical Conversion Processes: A Review
description	Biodiesel is an emerging substitute for petroleum-based products. It is considered an ecologically safe and sustainable fuel. The high cost of biodiesel production is linearly related to its feedstock. Crude glycerol, which is a by-product of the biodiesel industry, is also a major challenge that must be addressed. A large volume of crude glycerol needs to be disposed of, and this involves processing, dumping, and land requirements. This increases the cost of biodiesel production. One way to decrease the cost of biodiesel production is to utilize its by-product to make valuable products. Crude glycerol can be processed to produce a variety of chemicals and products. The present utilization of crude glycerol is not enough to bring down its surplus availability. Thermochemical conversion processes can utilize crude glycerol as a starting feedstock and convert it into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. The utilization of crude glycerol through integrated thermochemical conversion processes could lead to an integrated biorefinery. This review paper highlights the research scope for areas where crude glycerol could be utilized as a feedstock or co-feedstock in thermochemical conversion technology. Various thermochemical conversion processes, namely, gasification, pyrolysis, combustion, catalytic steam reforming, liquefaction, and supercritical water reforming, are discussed and shown to be highly suitable for the use of crude glycerol as an economical feedstock. It is found that the integration of crude glycerol with other thermochemical conversion processes for energy production is a promising option to overcome the challenges related to biodiesel production costs. Hence, this paper provides all the necessary information on the present utilization status of crude glycerol in thermochemical conversion processes, as well as identifying possible research gaps that could be filled by future research studies.
format	article
author	Mohsin Raza Abrar Inayat Basim Abu-Jdayil
author_facet	Mohsin Raza Abrar Inayat Basim Abu-Jdayil
author_sort	Mohsin Raza
title	Crude Glycerol as a Potential Feedstock for Future Energy via Thermochemical Conversion Processes: A Review
title_short	Crude Glycerol as a Potential Feedstock for Future Energy via Thermochemical Conversion Processes: A Review
title_full	Crude Glycerol as a Potential Feedstock for Future Energy via Thermochemical Conversion Processes: A Review
title_fullStr	Crude Glycerol as a Potential Feedstock for Future Energy via Thermochemical Conversion Processes: A Review
title_full_unstemmed	Crude Glycerol as a Potential Feedstock for Future Energy via Thermochemical Conversion Processes: A Review
title_sort	crude glycerol as a potential feedstock for future energy via thermochemical conversion processes: a review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/31b6fc5dfac148e79c15162177e1d4df
work_keys_str_mv	AT mohsinraza crudeglycerolasapotentialfeedstockforfutureenergyviathermochemicalconversionprocessesareview AT abrarinayat crudeglycerolasapotentialfeedstockforfutureenergyviathermochemicalconversionprocessesareview AT basimabujdayil crudeglycerolasapotentialfeedstockforfutureenergyviathermochemicalconversionprocessesareview
_version_	1718410332707225600

Crude Glycerol as a Potential Feedstock for Future Energy via Thermochemical Conversion Processes: A Review

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