Absolute pitch: effects of timbre on note-naming ability.

<h4>Background</h4>Absolute pitch (AP) is the ability to identify or produce isolated musical tones. It is evident primarily among individuals who started music lessons in early childhood. Because AP requires memory for specific pitches as well as learned associations with verbal labels...

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Autores principales:	Patrícia Vanzella, E Glenn Schellenberg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/31b7759472c94284a666096f5ad11d51
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:31b7759472c94284a666096f5ad11d512021-11-18T07:36:58ZAbsolute pitch: effects of timbre on note-naming ability.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0015449https://doaj.org/article/31b7759472c94284a666096f5ad11d512010-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21085598/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Absolute pitch (AP) is the ability to identify or produce isolated musical tones. It is evident primarily among individuals who started music lessons in early childhood. Because AP requires memory for specific pitches as well as learned associations with verbal labels (i.e., note names), it represents a unique opportunity to study interactions in memory between linguistic and nonlinguistic information. One untested hypothesis is that the pitch of voices may be difficult for AP possessors to identify. A musician's first instrument may also affect performance and extend the sensitive period for acquiring accurate AP.<h4>Methods/principal findings</h4>A large sample of AP possessors was recruited on-line. Participants were required to identity test tones presented in four different timbres: piano, pure tone, natural (sung) voice, and synthesized voice. Note-naming accuracy was better for non-vocal (piano and pure tones) than for vocal (natural and synthesized voices) test tones. This difference could not be attributed solely to vibrato (pitch variation), which was more pronounced in the natural voice than in the synthesized voice. Although starting music lessons by age 7 was associated with enhanced note-naming accuracy, equivalent abilities were evident among listeners who started music lessons on piano at a later age.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Because the human voice is inextricably linked to language and meaning, it may be processed automatically by voice-specific mechanisms that interfere with note naming among AP possessors. Lessons on piano or other fixed-pitch instruments appear to enhance AP abilities and to extend the sensitive period for exposure to music in order to develop accurate AP.Patrícia VanzellaE Glenn SchellenbergPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 11, p e15449 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Patrícia Vanzella E Glenn Schellenberg Absolute pitch: effects of timbre on note-naming ability.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Absolute pitch (AP) is the ability to identify or produce isolated musical tones. It is evident primarily among individuals who started music lessons in early childhood. Because AP requires memory for specific pitches as well as learned associations with verbal labels (i.e., note names), it represents a unique opportunity to study interactions in memory between linguistic and nonlinguistic information. One untested hypothesis is that the pitch of voices may be difficult for AP possessors to identify. A musician's first instrument may also affect performance and extend the sensitive period for acquiring accurate AP.<h4>Methods/principal findings</h4>A large sample of AP possessors was recruited on-line. Participants were required to identity test tones presented in four different timbres: piano, pure tone, natural (sung) voice, and synthesized voice. Note-naming accuracy was better for non-vocal (piano and pure tones) than for vocal (natural and synthesized voices) test tones. This difference could not be attributed solely to vibrato (pitch variation), which was more pronounced in the natural voice than in the synthesized voice. Although starting music lessons by age 7 was associated with enhanced note-naming accuracy, equivalent abilities were evident among listeners who started music lessons on piano at a later age.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Because the human voice is inextricably linked to language and meaning, it may be processed automatically by voice-specific mechanisms that interfere with note naming among AP possessors. Lessons on piano or other fixed-pitch instruments appear to enhance AP abilities and to extend the sensitive period for exposure to music in order to develop accurate AP.
format	article
author	Patrícia Vanzella E Glenn Schellenberg
author_facet	Patrícia Vanzella E Glenn Schellenberg
author_sort	Patrícia Vanzella
title	Absolute pitch: effects of timbre on note-naming ability.
title_short	Absolute pitch: effects of timbre on note-naming ability.
title_full	Absolute pitch: effects of timbre on note-naming ability.
title_fullStr	Absolute pitch: effects of timbre on note-naming ability.
title_full_unstemmed	Absolute pitch: effects of timbre on note-naming ability.
title_sort	absolute pitch: effects of timbre on note-naming ability.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/31b7759472c94284a666096f5ad11d51
work_keys_str_mv	AT patriciavanzella absolutepitcheffectsoftimbreonnotenamingability AT eglennschellenberg absolutepitcheffectsoftimbreonnotenamingability
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Absolute pitch: effects of timbre on note-naming ability.

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