Biological Control of Celery Powdery Mildew Disease Caused by <i>Erysiphe heraclei</i> DC In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions
The present study aimed to investigate the potentiality of certain biocontrol agents, namely <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>B. pumilus</i>, <i>B. megaterium</i>, <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>, <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, <i>Trichoderma...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:31b8ef52a6e241a4a010642882c4a60e2021-11-25T18:45:34ZBiological Control of Celery Powdery Mildew Disease Caused by <i>Erysiphe heraclei</i> DC In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions10.3390/plants101123422223-7747https://doaj.org/article/31b8ef52a6e241a4a010642882c4a60e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2342https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747The present study aimed to investigate the potentiality of certain biocontrol agents, namely <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>B. pumilus</i>, <i>B. megaterium</i>, <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>, <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, <i>Trichoderma album</i>, <i>T. harzianum</i> and <i>T. viride</i>, as well as the synthetic fungicide difenoconazole to control celery powdery mildew caused by <i>Erysiphe heraclei</i> DC, in vitro (against conidia germination and germ tube length of <i>E. heraclei</i>) and in vivo (against disease severity and AUDPC). In vitro, it was found that the antifungal activity of the tested biocontrol agents significantly reduced the germination percentage of the conidia and germ tube length of the pathogen. The reduction in conidia germination ranged between 88.2% and 59.6% as a result of the treatment with <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>T. album</i>, respectively compared with 97.1% by the synthetic fungicide difenoconazole. Moreover, the fungicide achieved the highest reduction in germ tube length (92.5%) followed by <i>B. megaterium</i> (82.0%), while <i>T. album</i> was the least effective (62.8%). Spraying celery plants with the tested biocontrol agents in the greenhouse significantly reduced powdery mildew severity, as well as the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of application. In this regard, <i>B. subtilis</i> was the most efficient followed by <i>B. pumilus</i>, <i>S. marcescens</i> and <i>B. megaterium</i>, with 80.1, 74.4, 73.2 and 70.5% reductions in disease severity, respectively. In AUDPC, reductions of those microorganisms were 285.3, 380.9, 396.7 and 431.8, respectively, compared to 1539.1 in the control treatment. On the other hand, the fungicide difenoconazole achieved maximum efficacy in reducing disease severity (84.7%) and lowest AUDPC (219.3) compared to the other treatments. In the field, all the applied biocontrol agents showed high efficiency in suppressing powdery mildew on celery plants, with a significant improvement in growth and yield characteristics. In addition, they caused an increase in the concentration of leaf pigments, and the activities of defense-related enzymes such as peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and total phenol content (TPC). In conclusion, the results showed the possibility of using tested biocontrol agents as eco-friendly alternatives to protect celery plants against powdery mildew.Hamada F. A. AhmedMahmoud F. SeleimanAdel M. Al-SaifMaha A. AlshiekheidMartin L. BattagliaRagab S. TahaMDPI AGarticlebiological controlpowdery mildew<i>Apium graveolens</i><i>Erysiphe heraclei</i>conidia germinationleaf pigmentsBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2342, p 2342 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
biological control powdery mildew <i>Apium graveolens</i> <i>Erysiphe heraclei</i> conidia germination leaf pigments Botany QK1-989 |
| spellingShingle |
biological control powdery mildew <i>Apium graveolens</i> <i>Erysiphe heraclei</i> conidia germination leaf pigments Botany QK1-989 Hamada F. A. Ahmed Mahmoud F. Seleiman Adel M. Al-Saif Maha A. Alshiekheid Martin L. Battaglia Ragab S. Taha Biological Control of Celery Powdery Mildew Disease Caused by <i>Erysiphe heraclei</i> DC In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions |
| description |
The present study aimed to investigate the potentiality of certain biocontrol agents, namely <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>B. pumilus</i>, <i>B. megaterium</i>, <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>, <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, <i>Trichoderma album</i>, <i>T. harzianum</i> and <i>T. viride</i>, as well as the synthetic fungicide difenoconazole to control celery powdery mildew caused by <i>Erysiphe heraclei</i> DC, in vitro (against conidia germination and germ tube length of <i>E. heraclei</i>) and in vivo (against disease severity and AUDPC). In vitro, it was found that the antifungal activity of the tested biocontrol agents significantly reduced the germination percentage of the conidia and germ tube length of the pathogen. The reduction in conidia germination ranged between 88.2% and 59.6% as a result of the treatment with <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>T. album</i>, respectively compared with 97.1% by the synthetic fungicide difenoconazole. Moreover, the fungicide achieved the highest reduction in germ tube length (92.5%) followed by <i>B. megaterium</i> (82.0%), while <i>T. album</i> was the least effective (62.8%). Spraying celery plants with the tested biocontrol agents in the greenhouse significantly reduced powdery mildew severity, as well as the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of application. In this regard, <i>B. subtilis</i> was the most efficient followed by <i>B. pumilus</i>, <i>S. marcescens</i> and <i>B. megaterium</i>, with 80.1, 74.4, 73.2 and 70.5% reductions in disease severity, respectively. In AUDPC, reductions of those microorganisms were 285.3, 380.9, 396.7 and 431.8, respectively, compared to 1539.1 in the control treatment. On the other hand, the fungicide difenoconazole achieved maximum efficacy in reducing disease severity (84.7%) and lowest AUDPC (219.3) compared to the other treatments. In the field, all the applied biocontrol agents showed high efficiency in suppressing powdery mildew on celery plants, with a significant improvement in growth and yield characteristics. In addition, they caused an increase in the concentration of leaf pigments, and the activities of defense-related enzymes such as peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and total phenol content (TPC). In conclusion, the results showed the possibility of using tested biocontrol agents as eco-friendly alternatives to protect celery plants against powdery mildew. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Hamada F. A. Ahmed Mahmoud F. Seleiman Adel M. Al-Saif Maha A. Alshiekheid Martin L. Battaglia Ragab S. Taha |
| author_facet |
Hamada F. A. Ahmed Mahmoud F. Seleiman Adel M. Al-Saif Maha A. Alshiekheid Martin L. Battaglia Ragab S. Taha |
| author_sort |
Hamada F. A. Ahmed |
| title |
Biological Control of Celery Powdery Mildew Disease Caused by <i>Erysiphe heraclei</i> DC In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions |
| title_short |
Biological Control of Celery Powdery Mildew Disease Caused by <i>Erysiphe heraclei</i> DC In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions |
| title_full |
Biological Control of Celery Powdery Mildew Disease Caused by <i>Erysiphe heraclei</i> DC In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions |
| title_fullStr |
Biological Control of Celery Powdery Mildew Disease Caused by <i>Erysiphe heraclei</i> DC In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Biological Control of Celery Powdery Mildew Disease Caused by <i>Erysiphe heraclei</i> DC In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions |
| title_sort |
biological control of celery powdery mildew disease caused by <i>erysiphe heraclei</i> dc in vitro and in vivo conditions |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/31b8ef52a6e241a4a010642882c4a60e |
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